Pharmacologic treatments for covid-19 patients
Below you can access forest plots for all the treatment comparisons as well as the general characteristics of each trial with risk of bias assessment.
Analyses are updated every Friday.
Of note, the search “display new or updated results” may identify comparisons not tagged as ‘updated’ when a trial related to this comparison has been identified or updated and is reported in the table but is not yet included in the analysis.
More details about outcomes and Disease severity
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Treatment comparisons
Access the forest plots for the 163 treatment comparisons .
Anti-virals (48 comparisons)
Other antimicrobials (antibiotics, antimalarials, antiparasitics) (31 comparisons)
NSAIDs and Anti-inflammatories (2 comparisons)
Kinase inhibitor (6 comparisons)
Corticosteroids (4 comparisons)
Monoclonal antibodies (11 comparisons)
Immunosupressant (2 comparisons)
Convalescent plasma (2 comparisons)
Antithrombotic (antiplatelet, anticoagulant, thrombolytic drug) (3 comparisons)
Other Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) (3 comparisons)
Others (35 comparisons)
General characteristics of primary studies
| Trial | Funding | Comparisons | Design | Participants | Sample size | Overall risk of bias Highest assessment |
Full description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Treatment 1 | Treatment 2 | |||||||
| IRCT20200328046886N1 Abbaspour Kasgari H, J Antimicrob Chemoth, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | SOF/DCV+RBV | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate) admitted to a single center in Iran. | N=48 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04353336 Abd-Elsalam S, Am J Trop Med Hyg, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to three university hospitals in Egypt. | N=194 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04447534 Abd-Elsalam S, Biol Trace Elem Res, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Hydroxychloroquine+Zinc | Hydroxychloroquine | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to 3 centers in Egypt | N=191 |
Some concerns Details |
||
| NCT04315948; EudraCT Ader F, DisCoVeRy, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Mixed | Lopinavir-Ritonavir | Lopinavir-Ritonavir+Interferon beta-1a | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to 32 centers in France and Luxembourg | N=603 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Lopinavir-Ritonavir | Hydroxychloroquine | |||||||
| Lopinavir-Ritonavir | Standard care | |||||||
| Lopinavir-Ritonavir+Interferon beta-1a | Hydroxychloroquine | |||||||
| Lopinavir-Ritonavir+Interferon beta-1a | Standard care | |||||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | |||||||
| CTRI/2020/04/024775 PLACID Agarwal A, BMJ, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Convalescent plasma | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild to severe) admitted to 39 centers in India. | N=464 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04407130 Ahmed S,Int J Infect Dis,2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | Ivermectin+Doxycycline | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) admitted to hospital in Bangladesh. | N=72 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Ivermectin+Doxycycline | Ivermectin | |||||||
| Ivermectin | Placebo | |||||||
| IRCT20200328046882N1 Alavi-moghaddam M, SSRN, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Sofosbuvir | Lopinavir-Ritonavir+Interferon beta-1a | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=57 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04356534 AlQahtani M, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Convalescent plasma | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to 2 centers in Bahrain | N=40 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04573153 Altay O, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | Combined metabolic cofactor supplementation | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated at a single center in Turkey | N=93 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04329923 Amaravadi R, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Hydroxychloroquine | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (symptomatic, mild ) treated by a single center in USA | N=34 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT02735707 Angus DC, JAMA, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Fixed-dose hydrocortisone | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to 121 centers in 8 countries | N=251 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20200317046797N4 Ansarin K, BioImpacts, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Bromhexine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (unclear severity) at a single center in Iran | N=78 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04366089 Araimo F , J Med Virol, 2020 Full text Commentary |
No specific funding | Oxygen-Ozone+Probiotic | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to a single center in Italy | N=28 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04345523 Avendano-Sola C, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Convalescent plasma | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate) admitted to 14 centers in Spain | N=81 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ISRCTN40302986 Babalola OE, IVERCOVID, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Private | Ivermectin 6mg | Ivermectin 12mg | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to a single center in Nigeria | N=62 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Ivermectin 6mg | Lopinavir-Ritonavir | |||||||
| Ivermectin 12mg | Lopinavir-Ritonavir | |||||||
| NCT04346446 Bajpai M, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary and Commentary |
No specific funding | Convalescent plasma | Fresh frozen plasma | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in India | N=31 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04375098 Balcells M, PLoS Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Early Convalescent plasma | Late Convalescent plasma | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to a single centre in Chile. | N=58 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04542694 Balykova L, Infektsionnye bolezn, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | Favipiravir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate) admitted to 5 centers in Russia | N=200 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04321616 Barratt-Due A, SSRN, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Remdesivir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to 23 centers in Norway | N=101 |
Low Details |
|
| NCT04321616 Barratt-Due A, SSRN, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to 23 centers in Norway | N=108 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04280705 Beigel JH, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Remdesivir | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to 60 centers in 10 countries | N=1062 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04391127 Beltran-Gonzalez J, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Ivermectin | Placebo | RCT | Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (moderate/severe) admitted to a single center in Mexico | N=106 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Hydroxychloroquine | Placebo | |||||||
| Ivermectin | Hydroxychloroquine | |||||||
| NCT04323527 Borba MGS, JAMA Netw Open, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Chloroquine | Chloroquine | RCT | Patients with Severe/Critical respiratory syndrome secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection treated in a single center in Brazil. | N=80 |
Low Details |
Forest plots |
| N/A Borges M, Revista Universidad, Ciencia y Tecnologia, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Not reported/unclear | Methisoprinol | Standard care | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (symptomatic) treated at home in Ecuador | N=60 | N/A | |
| NCT04329832 Brown SM, Ann Am Thorac Soc, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Hydroxychloroquine | Azithromycin | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to 13 centers in the USA | N=85 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ISRCTN86534580 ; EudraCT 2020-001209-22 Butler C, Lancet , 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Azithromycin | Standard care | RCT | Outpatients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (mild) recruited in the community in the UK | N=540 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04729491 Cadegiani F,, Cureus, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary Commentary |
No specific funding | Dutasteride | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated by 5 centers in Brazil | N=130 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04446429 Cadegiani FA, Research square , 2021 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Mixed | Proxalutamide | Placebo | RCT | Male outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated at 2 centers in Brazil. | N=262 |
High Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000029308 Cao B, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Lopinavir-Ritonavir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in China. | N=199 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ChiCTR-OPN-200002958 Cao Y, J Allergy Clin Immun, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Ruxolitinib | Vitamin C | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (severe) admitted to 3 centers in China. | N=43 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04322123 Cavalcanti AB, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to 55 centers in Brazil | N=667 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin | Standard care | |||||||
| Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin | Hydroxychloroquine | |||||||
| NCT04390022 Chaccour C, EClinicalMedicine, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Ivermectin | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) attending the emergency room at a single center in Spain | N=24 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000030254 Chen C, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Favipiravir | Umifenovir | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate, Severe/Critical) admitted to 3 center | N=240 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04384380 Chen CP, Plos one, 2020 Full text Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to 11 centers in Taiwan | N=33 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04261517 Chen J, Journal of Zhejiang , 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to a single center in China | N=30 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04252274 Chen J, Open Forum Infect Di, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Darunavir/cobicistat | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (moderate) admitted to a single center in China | N=30 |
High Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000030054 Chen L, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public | Hydroxychloroquine | Chloroquine | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild, moderate) admitted to a single center in China | N=67 |
High Details |
|
| Chloroquine | Standard care | |||||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | |||||||
| ChiCTR2000029559 Chen Z, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary and Commentary |
Public/non profit | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate) admitted to a single center in China. | N=62 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000030007 Cheng L, JAMA Intern Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | rhG-CSF | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to 3 centers in China | N=200 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04434144 Chowdhury ATMM, EJMO, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
No specific funding | Ivermectin+Doxycycline | Hydroxychloroquine+Azithromycin | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (asymptomatic, mild) treated by a single center in Bangladesh | N=125 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04338009 Cohen J, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Continue ARB/ACEI | Discontinue ARB/ACEI | RCT | Patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to 20 centers in Argentina, Bolivia, Canada, Mexico, Peru, Sweden, USA | N=152 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| EudraCT202000193437 Corral-Gudino L, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary |
No specific funding | Methylprednisolone | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (severe) admitted to 5 centers in Spain | N=64 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04399980, NCT04463004, NCT04492514 Cremer P, Lancet Rheumatol, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Private | Mavrilimumab | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate/severe) admitted to 7 centers in the USA | N=40 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| RPCEC00000317 Cruz LR, ACS Pharmacol Trans, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | CIGB-325 | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (asymptomatic-severe) admitted to a single center in Cuba | N=20 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04351295 Dabbous H, Arch Virol, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Not reported/unclear | Favipiravir | Chloroquine | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to 2 centers in Egypt | N=96 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04349241 Dabbous HM, Scientific Reports, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Private | Favipiravir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to 2 centers in Egypt | N=100 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04521400 Darazam I, Research square , 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
No specific funding | High dose Interferon-β 1a | Low dose Interferon-β 1a | RCT | Patients with T-PCR and/or chest CT confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to a single center in Iran. | N=168 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04343768 Darazam IA, COVIFERON, 2021 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
No specific funding | Interferon beta-1b | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in Iran. | N=60 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Interferon beta-1a | Standard care | |||||||
| Interferon beta-1b | Interferon beta-1a | |||||||
| IRCT20190727044343N1 Davoodi L, Int J Clin Pract, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Febuxostat | Hydroxychloroquine | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-moderate) treated at a single center in Iran | N=60 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20100228003449N28 Davoudi-Monfared E, Antimicrob Agents Ch, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | Interferon beta-1a | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (moderate to critical) admitted to a single center in Iran. | N=92 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04386694 De Marchi T, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Photobiomodulation therapy | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (critical) admitted to a single center in Brazil. | N=30 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04326790 Deftereos S, JAMA, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | Colchicine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to 16 centers in Greece. | N=110 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| RPCEC00000309 Delgado-Enciso I, Research Square, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Neutral electrolyzed saline | Standard care | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (ambulatory, mild) treated at home in Mexico. | N=84 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT02517489 Dequin P-F, JAMA, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Hydrocortisone | Placebo | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to 9 centers in France | N=149 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| jRCTs041190120 Doi Y, Antimicrob Agents Ch, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Favipiravir | Favipiravir | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (asymptomatic-mild-moderate) admitted to multiple centers in Japan | N=88 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04244591 Du, Unpublished, 2020 |
Public/non profit | Methylprednisolone | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to multiple centers in China | N=47 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04355936 Duarte M, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Telmisartan | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to 2 centers in Argentina | N=82 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04325893 Dubee V, Clin Microbiol Infec, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Hydroxychloroquine | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to 34 centers in France and Monaco. | N=250 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20200404046947N1 Edalatifard M, Eur Respir J, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Intravenous Methylprednisolone pulse | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to two centers in Iran | N=68 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04668469 Elgazzar A, Research Square , 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
No specific funding | Ivermectin | Hydroxychloroquine | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to 2 centers in Egypt | N=200 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04668469 Elgazzar A, Research Square, 2020 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
No specific funding | Ivermectin | Hydroxychloroquine | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to 2 centers in Egypt | N=200 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04366908 Entrenas Castillo M, J Steroid Biochem Mo, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Calcifediol | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confimed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to a single center in Spain | N=76 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| RPCEC00000307 Esquivel-Moynelo I, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | IFN alpha2b+IFN gamma | Interferon alpha2b | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (ambulatory, mild) admitted to a single center | N=79 |
High Details |
|
| IRCT20200406046963N1 Farahani R, Research Square, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Intravenous Methylprednisolone pulse+Prednisolone | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=29 | N/A | |
| NCT04354259 Feld JJ, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Peginterferon Lambda-1 | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) tested at 6 centers in Canada | N=60 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04348409 Fontanesi Blum V, SSRN, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Private | Nitazoxanide | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild/moderate) admitted to 6 centers in Brazil. | N=50 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000030262 Fu W, EClinicalMedicine, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Interferon kappa+TFF2 | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate) admitted to a single center in China | N=80 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04321278 Furtado RHM, Lancet, 2020 Full text |
Mixed | Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin | Hydroxychloroquine | RCT | Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-critical) admitted to 57 centers in Brazil | N=447 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| RBR-8h7q82 Galan L ,Pathog Glob Health, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Ivermectin | Hydroxychloroquine | RCT | Patients with serology or RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-critical) admitted to a single center in Brazil. | N=168 |
* Details |
|
| Ivermectin | Chloroquine | |||||||
| Hydroxychloroquine | Chloroquine | |||||||
| RBR-8969zg Garcia de Alencar JC, CID, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | N-acetylcysteine | Placebo | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to a single center in Brazil | N=140 | N/A | |
| NCT04365127 Ghandehari S, SSRN, 2020 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Private | Progesterone | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to a single center in the USA. | N=42 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04342182 Gharbharan A, medRxiv, 2020 Full text |
Mixed | Convalescent plasma | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (moderate-critical) admitted to 14 centers in the Netherlands | N=86 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20200501047259N1 Gharebaghi N, BMC Infect Dis., 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Intravenous Immunoglobulin | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=59 | N/A | |
| NCT04292899 Goldman JD, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Results in clinicaltrials.gov Full text Commentary and Commentary |
Private | Remdesivir 5 days | Remdesivir 10 days | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate to critical) admitted to 55 centers across 5 countries. | N=402 |
Some concerns Details |
Forest plots |
| NCT02735707, NCT04505774, NCT04359277, NCT04372589 Goligher E, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Therapeutic heparin | Prophylactic anticoagulant | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to 393 centers in Australia, Brazil, Canada, Ireland, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, UK, USA | N=1205 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ISRCTN59048638 Gonzalez-Ochoa AJ , Thromb Haemost, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Private | Sulodexide | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) of a single center in Mexico | N=312 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT02735707 Gordon AC, REMAP-CAP, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Tocilizumab | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to 113 centers in Australia, Ireland, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, UK. | N=826 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Sarilumab | Standard care | |||||||
| NCT04427501 Gottlieb R, BLAZE-1, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Private | LY-CoV555 700 mg | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with COVID-19 (mild ambulatory) treated at 49 centers in USA | N=592 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| LY-CoV555 2800 mg | Placebo | |||||||
| LY-CoV555 7000 mg | Placebo | |||||||
| LY-CoV555+LY-CoV016 | Placebo | |||||||
| N/A Guvenmez O, J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol, 2020 Full text Commentary |
No specific funding | Lincomycin | Azithromycin | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate) admitted to a single center in Turkey | N=24 |
Some concerns Details |
|
new NCT04414124 Haran J, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary thread Commentary |
Private | KB109 | Standard care | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated by 16 centers in the USA. | N=350 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04591600 Hashim A, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Ivermectin+Doxycycline | Standard care | RCT | Outpatients and inpatients with COVID-19 (unclear severity) treated at 2 centers in Iraq | N=140 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04331808 Hermine O, JAMA Intern Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Tocilizumab | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to nine centers in France | N=131 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04315896 Hernandez-Cardenas C, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Hydroxychloroquine | Placebo | RCT | Patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to 3 centers in Mexico | N=214 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04682873 Holubovska O, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Mixed | Enisamium | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-10 (mild/moderate) admitted to 15 centers in Ukraine | N=373 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04381936 Horby P, Lancet, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Lopinavir-Ritonavir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to 163 centers in the UK | N=5040 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04381936 ; ISRCTN (50189673) Horby P, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Azithromycin | Standard care | RCT | Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (mild to critical) admitted to 176 centers in the UK | N=7763 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04381936, ISRCTN50189673 Horby P, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Tocilizumab | Standard care | RCT | Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-critical) admitted to 131 centers in the UK | N=4116 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04381936; EudraCT 2020-001113-21; ISRCTN5018967 Horby P, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Convalescent plasma | Standard care | RCT | Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate-severe-critical) admitted to 177 centers in the UK. | N=11558 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04381936 RECOVERY Trial Horby P, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Dexamethasone | Standard care | RCT | Patients with suspected and confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-critical) admitted to 176 centers in the UK | N=6425 |
Some concerns Details |
Forest plot (sub group) |
| NCT04381936 Horby P, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to 176 centers in the UK | N=4716 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000029387 Huang YQ, Front Pharmacol, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Ribavirin+Lopinavir+Ritonavir+Interferon alpha | Ribavarin+Interferon alpha | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate) admitted to a single center in China | N=101 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Lopinavir+Ritonavir+Interferon alpha | Ribavarin+Interferon alpha | |||||||
| Ribavirin+Lopinavir+Ritonavir+Interferon alpha | Lopinavir+Ritonavir+Interferon alpha | |||||||
| NCT04276688 Hung IF-N, Lancet, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | LPV/r+RBV+IFN beta1 | Lopinavir-Ritonavir | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to six centers in Hong-Kong | N=127 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04434248 Ivashchenko AA, Clin Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Favipiravir 1800/800mg | Favipiravir 1600/600mg | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate) admitted to 6 centers in Russia | N=60 |
Some concerns Details |
Forest plots |
| Favipiravir 1600/600mg | Standard care | |||||||
| Favipiravir 1800/800mg | Standard care | |||||||
| NCT04331899 Jagannathan P, Nature, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Peginterferon Lambda-1a | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (asymptomatic/symptomatic, mild) treated at a single center in the USA | N=120 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20151227025726N17 Jamaati H, Eur J Pharmacol, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Dexamethasone | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=50 |
High Details |
|
| IRCT20200411047025N1 JamaliMoghadamSiahkali S, Eur J Med Res, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Vitamin C | Standard care | RCT | Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=60 | N/A | |
| NCT04401579 Kalil A, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Baricitinib+Remdesivir | Placebo+Remdesivir | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to 67 centers in Denmark, Japan, Mexico, Singapore, South Korea, Spain, UK, USA. | N=1033 |
Low Details |
|
| N/A Khamis F, Int J Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary |
No specific funding | Favipiravir+Interferon beta-1b | Hydroxychloroquine | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) treated at a single center in Oman | N=89 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04739410 Khan Chachar AZ, Int J Sci, 2020 Full text Commentary |
No specific funding | Ivermectin | Standard care | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (symptomatic-mild) treated at a single center in Pakistan | N=50 |
High Details |
|
| CTRI/2020/08/027225 Kirti R, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Ivermectin | Placebo | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to a single center in India | N=115 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04381884 Krolewiecki A, SSRN, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Ivermectin | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to 4 centers in Argentina | N=45 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| CTRI/2020/05/024959 Kumar S, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Private | Itolizumab | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to 4 centers in India | N=32 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| N/A Kumari P, Cureus, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Not reported/unclear | Vitamin C | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in Pakistan | N=150 | N/A | |
| NCT04355728 Lanzoni G, Stem Cells Transl Me, 2020 Full text Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell infusion | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to a single center in USA | N=24 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| RBR-949z6v Lemos ACB, Thromb Res, 2020 Full text Commentary |
No specific funding | Therapeutic enoxaparin | Prophylactic anticoagulant | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (critical) admitted to a single center in Brazil | N=20 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04342663 Lenze E, JAMA, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Fluvoxamine | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (ambulatory, mild) treated at home in USA | N=181 |
Low Details |
|
| NCT04327388; EudraCT2020-001162-12; U1111-1249-602 Lescure FX, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Private | Sarilumab 400mg | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-critical) admitted to 45 centers in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Russia, and Spain. | N=420 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Sarilumab 200mg | Placebo | |||||||
| Sarilumab 400mg | Sarilumab 200mg | |||||||
| ChiCTR2000029638 Li C, Ann. Med, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Recombinant super-compound interferon | Interferon alpha | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to 5 centers in China | N=96 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000029757 Li L, JAMA, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Convalescent plasma | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (severe to critical) admitted to 7 centers in China | N=103 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04273763 Li T, Clin Transl Sci , 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Bromhexine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to a single center in China | N=18 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04479163 Libster R, N Engl J Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Convalescent plasma | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) admitted to multiple centers in Argentina | N=160 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| EudraCT 2020-001243-1 Liesenborghs L, SSRN, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Itraconazole | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to a single center in Belgium | N=65 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04494984 Lopardo G, SSRN, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | INM005 | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed (RT-PCR) COVID-19 (mild-severe) pneumonia admitted to 19 centers in Argentina | N=245 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| RBR-8jyhxh Lopes MIF, RMD Open, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Colchicine | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to a single center in Brazil | N=75 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04364893 Lopes RD, JAMA, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Not reported/unclear | Discontinue ARB/ACEI | Continue ARB/ACEI | RCT | Patients with suspected COVID-19 (unclear severity) at 29 centers in Brazil | N=740 |
Low Details |
|
| NCT04405843 Lopez-Medina E, JAMA, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Ivermectin | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated by a single center in Colombia | N=476 |
Low Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000029544 Lou Y, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Favipiravir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to a single center in China | N=30 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Baloxavir marboxil | Standard care | |||||||
| Favipiravir | Baloxavir marboxil | |||||||
| NCT04501978 Lundgren J, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | LY-CoV555 | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to 31 centers in Denmark, Singapore and USA | N=326 |
Low Details |
|
| NCT04316377 Lyngbakken MN, Nature, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to a single center in Norway | N=53 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04523831 Mahmud R, Unpublished, 2020 Full text |
Mixed | Ivermectin+Doxycycline | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to a single center in Bangladesh | N=400 |
High Details |
|
| N/A Maldonado V, INT IMMUNOPHARMACOL, 2020 Full text Commentary |
No specific funding | Pentoxifylline | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to a single center in Mexico | N=54 | N/A | |
| RBR-5s2mqg Mansour E, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Icatibant | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in Brazil | N=30 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| C1 Esterase/Kallikrein Inhibitor | Standard care | |||||||
| Icatibant | C1 Esterase/Kallikrein Inhibitor | |||||||
| NCT04341584 Mariette X CORIMUNO-ANA, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Anakinra | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (moderate) admitted to 16 centers in France. | N=116 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04468646 Mehboob R, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary |
No specific funding | Aprepitant+Dexamethasone | Dexamethasone | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to a single center in Pakistan | N=41 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04345614 Miller J, Crit Care, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | Auxora | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate) admitted to 3 centers in USA | N=26 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04304053 Mitja O, Clin Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | RCT | Outpatients with COVID-19 (mild) in an ambulatory setting in Spain | N=353 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20200624047908N1 Mobarak S, SSRN, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Sofosbuvir-Daclatasvir | Placebo | RCT | Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to 19 centers in Iran | N=1083 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| CTRI/2020/06/026001 Mohan A, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Ivermectin 12 mg | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to a single center in India | N=152 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Ivermectin 24 mg | Placebo | |||||||
| Ivermectin 12 mg | Ivermectin 24 mg | |||||||
| NCT04385095 ; EudraCT 2020-001023-14 Monk PD, Lancet Respir Med, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Private | Nebulised interferon beta-1a | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to nine centers in the UK | N=101 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04449718 Murai IH, Jama, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Cholecalciferol | Placebo | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to 2 centres in Brazil | N=240 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20200408046987N1 Niaee MS, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Ivermectin Once-off | Standard care | RCT | Patients with CT or PCR confirmed COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to 5 centers in Iran. | N=180 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Ivermectin Once-off | Placebo | |||||||
| Ivermectin 3-day LD | Standard care | |||||||
| Ivermectin 3-day LD | Placebo | |||||||
| Ivermectin 1-day BDS | Standard care | |||||||
| Ivermectin 1-day BDS | Placebo | |||||||
| Ivermectin 3-day HD | Standard care | |||||||
| Ivermectin 3-day HD | Placebo | |||||||
| IRCT20180725040596N2 Nojomi M, BMC Infect Dis., 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Hydroxychloroquine+Umifenovir | Hydroxychloroquine+Lopinavir+Ritonavir | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=100 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20180802040678N4 Nouri-Vaskeh M, Int J Clin Pract, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Losartan | Amlodipine | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate-severe-critical) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=82 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20100228003449N29 Nourian A, Acta Biomed, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Sofosbuvir-ledipasvir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=90 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04359810 O Donnell M, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Not reported/unclear | Convalescent plasma | Control plasma | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to 5 centers in Brazil and USA | N=223 |
Low Details |
|
| NCT04646109 Okumus N, Research Square, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Ivermectin | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to four centers in Turkey | N=66 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04349592 Omrani A (Q-PROTECT), EClinicalMedicine, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Hydroxychloroquine+Azithromycin | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated at two centers in Qatar | N=456 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Hydroxychloroquine | Placebo | |||||||
| Hydroxychloroquine+Azithromycin | Hydroxychloroquine | |||||||
| CTRI/2020/05/025013 Padmanabhan U, medRixv, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Bacille Calmette-Guérin | Placebo | RCT | “Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to a single center in India” | N=60 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ISRCTN83971151; NCT04315948 Pan H, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Remdesivir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to 405 centers in 30 countries | N=5475 |
Low Details |
|
| ISRCTN83971151; NCT04315948 Pan H, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Interferon beta-1a | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to 405 centers in 30 countries. | N=4127 |
Low Details |
|
| ISRCTN83971151; NCT04315948 Pan H, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Lopinavir-Ritonavir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to 405 centers in 30 countries. | N=2791 |
Low Details |
|
| ISRCTN83971151; NCT04315948 Pan H, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to 405 centers in 30 countries | N=1863 |
Low Details |
|
new CTRI/2020/06/026087 Pandit A, Int J Infect Dis, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Private | Pegylated Interferon alpha-2b | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to 6 centers in India | N=40 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ACTRN12620000454976 Patel O, J Med Virol, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Zinc | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to a single center in Australia | N=33 |
Low Details |
|
| NCT04348305 Perner A, Unpublished, 2020 |
Mixed | Hydrocortisone | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to 19 centers in Denmark. | N=29 |
Low Details |
|
| N/A Podder C, IMC J Med Sci, 2020 Full text |
No specific funding | Ivermectin | Standard care | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) treated at a single center in Bangladesh | N=62 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04431466 Pott-Junior H, 2021 Full text Commentary |
No specific funding | Ivermectin 100 mcg/kg | Standard care | RCT | Patients with RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 (symptomatic mild) admitted to a single center in Brazil. | N=32 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Ivermectin 100 mcg/kg | Ivermectin 200 mcg/kg | |||||||
| Ivermectin 100 mcg/kg | Ivermectin 400 mcg/kg | |||||||
| Ivermectin 200 mcg/kg | Standard care | |||||||
| Ivermectin 200 mcg/kg | Ivermectin 400 mcg/kg | |||||||
| Ivermectin 400 mcg/kg | Standard care | |||||||
new IRCT20200310046736N1 Pouladzadeh M, Intern Emerg Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Convalescent plasma | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=62 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04343729 Prado Jeronimo CM, Clin Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Methylprednisolone | Placebo | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (moderate-critical) admitted to a single center in Brazil | N=416 |
High Details |
|
| INA-TX6YYSS Purwati, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Lopinavir-Ritonavir(Low dose)+Azithromycin | Azithromycin | RCT | NR | N=759 |
* Details |
|
| Lopinavir-Ritonavir(Low dose)+Doxycycline | Azithromycin | |||||||
| Hydroxychloroquine+Azithromycin | Azithromycin | |||||||
| Lopinavir-Ritonavir+Azithromycin | Azithromycin | |||||||
| Lopinavir-Ritonavir+Doxycycline | Azithromycin | |||||||
| RCT20100228003449N27 Rahmani H, Int Immunopharmacol, 2020 Full text Commentary |
No specific funding | Interferon beta-1b | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=80 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04416399 Ramakrishnan S, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Budesonide | Standard care | RCT | Outpatients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated by a single center in the UK | N=146 | N/A | |
| CTRI/2020/06/026222 Raman RS, J Infect Dis, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Private | Intravenous Immunoglobulin | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to four centers in India | N=100 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20200204046369N1 Ranjbar K, Research square, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
No specific funding | Methylprednisolone | Dexamethasone | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=93 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| * Rashad A, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Not reported/unclear | Azithromycin | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild outpatients) treated at a single center in Egypt | N=305 |
* Details |
|
| Azithromycin | Clarithromycin | |||||||
| Clarithromycin | Standard care | |||||||
| N/A Rasheed A, Le Infezioni in Medicina, 2020 Full text |
Public/non profit | Convalescent plasma | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (severe) admitted to 3 centers in Iraq. | N=49 | N/A | |
| NCT04459247 Rastogi A, Postgrad Med J, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
No specific funding | Cholecalciferol | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (symptomatic or asymptomatic mild) admitted to a single center in India | N=40 | N/A | |
| CTRI/2020/05/025209 Ray Y, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Convalescent plasma | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in India | N=80 |
High Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000029853 Ren Z, Adv Sci, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Azvudine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to a single center in China | N=20 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04552483 Rocco PRM, Eur Respir J, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Nitazoxanide | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated at 7 centers in Brazil | N=475 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20190810044500N7 Roostaei A, BMC Infect Dis, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Levamisole | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with COVID-19 (mild) treated at a single center in Iran | N=52 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20200403046926N1 Roozbeh F, J Antimicrob Chemother, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Sofosbuvir-Daclatasvir | Standard care | RCT | Outpatients with COVID-19 (mild) treated at a single center in Iran | N=60 | N/A | |
| NCT04320615 Rosas I, N Engl J Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Tocilizumab | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-critical) admitted to multiple centers across 9 countries | N=452 |
Low Details |
|
| NCT04501783 Ruzhentsova T, SSRN, 2020 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Private | Favipiravir | Standard care | RCT | Patients (and outpatients) with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) treated at 10 centers in Russia | N=168 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20200128046294N2 Sadeghi A, J Antimicrob Chemoth, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Sofosbuvir-Daclatasvir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to 4 centers in Iran | N=70 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04486508 Sadeghipour P, JAMA, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Intermediate-Dose prophylactic anticoagulation | Standard-Dose prophylactic anticoagulation | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (critical) admitted to 10 centers in Iran | N=598 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04411667 Sakoulas G, Crit Care Expl , 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | Intravenous Immunoglobulin | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to 2 centers in USA. | N=34 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04372186 Salama C, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Full text Commentary Commentary |
Private | Tocilizumab | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to 65 centers in Brazil, Kenya, Mexico, Peru, South Africa, and USA | N=388 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20200418047126N1 Salehzadeh F, Research Square, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Colchicine | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=100 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| N/A Sali S, Novelty in Biomedicine, 2021 Full text |
Public/non profit | Hydroxychloroquine+Sofosbuvir | Hydroxychloroquine+Lopinavir-Ritonavir | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=54 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04530370 Salman OH, Egypt J Anaesth, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Not reported/unclear | Convalescent plasma | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in Egypt | N=30 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04346355 Salvarani C, JAMA , 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Tocilizumab | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to 24 centers in Italy | N=126 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| IRCT20200511047399N1 Sedighiyan M, Authorea, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Hydroxychloroquine+Omega-3 | Hydroxychloroquine | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=39 | N/A | |
| IRCT20200415047092N1 Sekhavati E, Int J Antimicrob Age, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Azithromycin | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 confirmed (moderate-severe) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=111 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04332991 Self W, JAMA, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Hydroxychloroquine | Placebo | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 confirmed (mild-critical) admitted to 34 centers in the USA | N=479 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04392713 Shah Bukhari K H, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Not reported/unclear | Ivermectin | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) admitted to a single center in Pakistan | N=100 |
High Details |
|
| CTRI/2020/07/026354 Shah M, Int Immunopharmacol, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Private | Oxygen-Ozone | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) admitted to a single center in India | N=60 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04288102 Shi L, Signal Transduction , 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell infusion | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to two centers in China | N=101 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| N/A Shogenova LV, Pulmonologiya, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Not reported/unclear | Thermal helium-oxygen mixture | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to a single center in Russia | N=60 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000031494 Shu L, Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell infusion | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center China | N=41 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04512027; CTRI/2020/09/027833 Sigamani A, J Vaccines Vaccin, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | Prolectin-M | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) admitted to a single center in India | N=10 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04463264 Silva M, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Private | Nitazoxanide | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients and inpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (asymptomatic or symptomatic-mild) treated by or admitted to two centers in Argentina | N=46 |
High Details |
|
| NCT04383535 Simonovich VA, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Convalescent plasma | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to 12 centers in Argentina | N=334 |
Some concerns Details |
|
new NCT04402866; EudraCT 2020-001807-18 Singh D, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Private | TD-0903 1 mg | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate) admitted to centers in Moldova, UK and Ukraine. | N=25 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| TD-0903 1 mg | TD-0903 3 mg | |||||||
| TD-0903 1 mg | TD-0903 10 mg | |||||||
| TD-0903 3 mg | Placebo | |||||||
| TD-0903 3 mg | TD-0903 10 mg | |||||||
| TD-0903 10 mg | Placebo | |||||||
| NCT04308668 Skipper CP, Ann Intern Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | Hydroxychloroquine | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (symptomatic, mild) with high-risk exposure within 4 days of symptom onset | N=491 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| CTRI/2020/05/025369 Soin AS, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Tocilizumab | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-critical) admitted to 12 centers in India | N=180 |
Some concerns Details |
|
new IRCT20200318046812N1 Solaymani-Dodaran M, Int Immunopharmacol, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Favipiravir | Lopinavir-Ritonavir | RCT | Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to 20 centers in Iran | N=424 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04292730 Spinner CD, JAMA, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | Remdesivir 5 days | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to 105 centers in the USA, Europe and Asia | N=596 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Remdesivir 10 days | Standard care | |||||||
| Remdesivir 5 days | Remdesivir 10 days | |||||||
| NCT04356937 Stone JH, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | Tocilizumab | Placebo | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to seven centers in USA | N=243 |
Low Details |
|
| IRCT20151227025726N20 Tabarsi P, Int Immunopharmacol, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Intravenous Immunoglobulin | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (severe) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=84 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000029868 Tang W, BMJ, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Hydroxychloroquine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with COVID-19 (mild, moderate and severe) admitted to 16 centers in China | N=150 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04273321 Tang X, Respiration, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Methylprednisolone | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate/severe) admitted to 7 centers in China. | N=86 |
Some concerns Details |
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| NCT04322682 Tardif JC, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Colchicine | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (mild) at multiple centers in Brazil, Canada, Greece, South Africa, Spain, USA | N=4488 |
Some concerns Details |
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| CTRI/2020/04/024729 Thakar A, Indian J Med Res, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Public/non profit | Chloroquine | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (asymptomatic-mild) admitted to a single center in India | N=60 |
Some concerns Details |
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| NCT04342728 Thomas S, COVID A to Z, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Not reported/unclear | Vitamin C | Standard care | RCT | Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (asymptomatic-mild) treated by multiple centers in the US. | N=214 |
Some concerns Details |
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| Vitamin C | Zinc | |||||||
| Vitamin C | Vitamin C+Zinc | |||||||
| Zinc | Vitamin C+Zinc | |||||||
| Zinc | Standard care | |||||||
| Vitamin C+Zinc | Standard care | |||||||
| IRCT20151227025726N24 Tolouian R, J Investig Med, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
No specific funding | Bromhexine hydrochloride | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia (symptomatic, unclear severity) admitted to a single center in Iran | N=111 |
High Details |
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| NCT04327401 Tomazini BM, JAMA, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Dexamethasone | Standard care | RCT | Patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (critical) admitted to 41 centers in Brazil | N=299 |
Some concerns Details |
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| NCT04452435 Tornling G, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Compound 21 | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to 8 centers in India | N=106 |
Some concerns Details |
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| CTRI/2020/05/025114 Udwadia Z, Int J Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | Favipiravir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild/moderate) admitted to 7 centers in India | N=150 |
Some concerns Details |
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| NCT04369742 Ulrich RJ, Open Forum Infect Di, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Hydroxychloroquine | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to 5 centers in USA | N=128 |
Some concerns Details |
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| NCT04403685 Veiga VC, BMJ, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Mixed | Tocilizumab | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-critical) admitted to 9 centers in Brazil | N=129 |
Some concerns Details |
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| NCT04325061 Villar J, Unpublished, 2020 |
Public/non profit | Dexamethasone | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (critical) admitted 14 centers in Spain | N=19 |
Low Details |
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| NCT04333420 Vlaar APJ, Lancet Rheumatol, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | IFX-1 | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-critical) admitted to three centers | N=30 |
Some concerns Details |
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| ChiCTR2000029765 Wang D, Front Med, 2021 Full text Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Tocilizumab | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to 6 centers in China | N=65 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000030058 Wang M, Clin Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Leflunomide + Interferon alpha2a | Interferon alpha2a | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) admitted to a single center China | N=50 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04257656 Wang Y, Lancet, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | Remdesivir | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe) admitted to 10 centers in China | N=237 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| NCT04425629 Weinreich DM, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Mixed | REGN-COV2 | Placebo | RCT | Outpatients with COVID-19 (symtomatic-mild) treated at 27 centers in USA | N=275 |
Low Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000030001 Wu X, Engineering, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Triazavirin | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-critical) admitted to 10 centers in China | N=52 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| DRKS00022203 Yakoot M, SSRN, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Private | Sofosbuvir-Daclatasvir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to a single center in Egypt | N=89 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| N/A Yethindra V, Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res., 2020 Full text Commentary |
No specific funding | Umifenovir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to a single center in Kyrgyzstan | N=30 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000029431 Yuan, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Tc-MDP | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (unclear severity) admitted to 2 centers in China | N=21 | N/A | |
| NCT04252885 Yueping L, CellPress, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Lopinavir + Ritonavir | Standard care | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) admitted to a single center in China. | N=86 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Umifenovir | Lopinavir + Ritonavir | |||||||
| Umifenovir | Standard care | |||||||
| NCT04264533 Zhang J, Ann. Intensive Care, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Vitamin C | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to 3 centers in China | N=56 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| ChiCTR2000030894, NCT04310228 Zhao H, Biomed Pharmacother, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Favipiravir | Favipiravir+Tocilizumab | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-critical) admitted to 4 centers in China | N=26 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Tocilizumab | Favipiravir+Tocilizumab | |||||||
| Favipiravir | Tocilizumab | |||||||
| ChiCTR2000029496 Zheng F, Int J Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Public/non profit | Novaferon | Lopinavir + Ritonavir | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (moderate-severe) admitted to a single center in China. | N=89 |
Some concerns Details |
|
| Novaferon + Lopinavir + Ritonavir | Lopinavir + Ritonavir | |||||||
| Novaferon + Lopinavir + Ritonavir | Novaferon | |||||||
| ChiCTR2000029851 Zhong M, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Private | alfa-Lipoic acid | Placebo | RCT | Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to 1 center in China. | N=17 |
Some concerns Details |
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