Covid-19 living Data

Pharmacologic treatments for covid-19 patients

Methods

Protocol amendment:

As of March 1, 2022, the COVID-NMA revised its protocol to include only studies evaluating immunomodulators and antiviral therapies. Comparisons evaluating antivirals and immunomodulators will continue to be updated every two weeks.

For treatments that are neither immunomodulators nor antivirals, we provide the updated results up to Feb 28, 2022 including all identified reports through our search strategy up to this date.

meta-COVID

Perform your own analysis using COVID-NMA data, create and download your forest plots by clicking below:

Treatment comparisons

Of note, as of March 1, 2022, the COVID-NMA revised its protocol and reduced its scope.
Only comparisons evaluating antivirals and immunomodulators will continue to be updated every two weeks.

Create and download your forest plots with the most up-to-date data here Forest plots

Display new or updated analyses

Display all results

Access the forest plots for the 357 treatment comparisons .

Comparisons evaluating antivirals and immunomodulators updated every two weeks.

Anti-virals (78 comparisons) update new

Interferons (13 comparisons) update new

Kinase inhibitor (17 comparisons) update new

Corticosteroids (14 comparisons) update new

Monoclonal antibodies (75 comparisons) update new

Other immunomodulators (12 comparisons) update new

Convalescent plasma (4 comparisons) update new

Comparisons with last search date 28 February 2022 or as stated next to each comparison.

Other antimicrobials (antibiotics, antimalarials, antiparasitics) (42 comparisons) update new

Atazanavir+Ritonavir+Dolutegravir+Hydroxychloroquine vs Hydroxychloroquine+Lopinavir+Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Azithromycin vs Standard care/Placebo - 6 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Chloroquine vs Standard Care - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Chloroquine (nasal drops) vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Clarithromycin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Darunavir/cobicistat vs Standard Care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Doxycycline vs Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Doxycycline vs Standard care - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Emtricitabine/tenofovir + Colchicine + Rosuvastatin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Favipiravir+interferon beta-1b vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Febuxostat vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Standard Care/Placebo - 28 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Chloroquine - 3 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Remdesivir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Vitamin C - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Azithromycin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin vs Standard care/Placebo - 4 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin vs Hydroxychloroquine - 4 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin vs Vitamin C - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+ivermectin+azithromycin vs Ivermectin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+Ribavirin vs Lopinavir+Ritonavir+Ribavirin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+Ribavirin vs Standard care - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+Zinc vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychlrooquine+ Sofosbuvir vs Hydroxychloroquine + lopinavir + ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Indomethacin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Itraconazole vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin vs Standard care/Placebo - 22 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin vs Lopinavir-Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin vs Hydroxychloroquine - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin 12 mg vs Ivermectin 24 mg - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin 6mg vs Ivermectin 12mg - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin+Doxycycline vs Hydroxychloroquine+Azithromycin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin+Doxycycline vs Standard care/Placebo - 3 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin+Doxycycline vs Ivermectine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Levamisole vs Standard care/Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Lincomycin vs Azithromycin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Lopinavir-Ritonavir vs Hydroxychloroquine - 3 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Lopinavir-Ritonavir+Interferon beta-1a vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Metronidazole vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Niclosamide vs Standard care/Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Nitazoxanide vs Standard care/Placebo - 5 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

NSAIDs and Anti-inflammatories (8 comparisons) update new

Antithrombotic (antiplatelet, anticoagulant, thrombolytic drug) (13 comparisons) update new

Other Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) (3 comparisons) update new

Others (54 comparisons) update new

a-Lipoic acid vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Ammonium chloride vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Apremilast vs Placebo - 1 RCTs

Aprepitant+Dexamethasone vs Dexamethasone - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Aspirin vs Standard care/Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Aviptadil vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

BCG vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Bromhexine vs Standard care - 3 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 21 Jan, 2022.)

C1 Esterase/Kallikrein Inhibitor vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Colchicine + Rosuvastatin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Combined metabolic cofactor supplementation vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Compound 21 vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Continue ARB/ACEI vs Discontinue ARB/ACEI - 5 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Dapagliflozin vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Dutasteride vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 21 Jan, 2022.)

Famotidine vs Standard care/Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Febuxostat vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Finasteride vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 21 Jan, 2022.)

Fluvoxamine vs Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

GB0139 vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Vitamin C - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin vs Vitamin C - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+Zinc vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Icatibant vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Icatibant vs C1 Esterase/Kallikrein Inhibitor - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Icosapent ethyl vs Standard care - 1 RCTs

Inhaled Nitric Oxide vs Standard care - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

KB109 vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Losartan vs Amlodipine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Losartan vs Standard care/Placebo - 4 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Mycobacterium vaccae vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

N-acetylcysteine vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Neutral electrolyzed saline vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Pentoxifylline vs Standard care/Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Progesterone vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 21 Jan, 2022.)

Prolectin-M vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Prostacyclin vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Proxalutamide vs Standard care/Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Pyridostigmine vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Quercetin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Sildenafil vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Sitagliptin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Sitagliptin + Spironolactone vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Spironolactone vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Telmisartan vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) bolus+heparin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Vitamin C vs Zinc - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Vitamin C vs Vitamin C + zinc - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Vitamin C vs Standard of care/Placebo - 4 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Vitamin C+Zinc vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Vitamin D vs Standard care/Placebo - 4 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Vitamin D 5000 IU vs Vitamin D 1000 IU - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Zinc vs Standard care/Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Zinc vs Vitamin C+Zinc - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Search studies

General characteristics of primary studies

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Page: 1 / Sorted by: Most recent ↓
Trial	Funding	Comparisons		Design	Participants	Sample size	Overall risk of bias Highest assessment	Full description
		Treatment 1	Treatment 2
New NCT04501978 ACTIV-3/TICO Study Group, Ann Intern Med, 2022 Full text Commentary Commentary	Mixed	Ensovibep	Placebo	RCT	Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate-severe) admitted to 62 centers in USA, Greece, Uganda, Singapore, UK, Nigeria, Denmark, Switzerland, Poland, and Spain.	N=496	Some concerns Details	Full description
NCT04712357 Arruda EAG, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary	Public/non profit	Tenofovir Tenofovir+Emtricitabine Tenofovir	Placebo Placebo Tenofovir+Emtricitabine	RCT	Outpatients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated at a single center in Brazil.	N=139	Some concerns Details	Full description
ISRCTN30448031; EudraCT: 2021-005748-31 PANORAMIC Butler C, SSRN, 2022 Full text Commentary	Public/non profit	Molnupiravir	Standard care	RCT	Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-ambulatory) treated by multiple centers in the UK	N=25783	High Details	Full description
ChiCTR2200056817 Zou R, Front Pharm, 2022 Full text Commentary	Mixed	Molnupiravir	Standard care	RCT	Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) isolated and treated by a single center in China	N=116	Some concerns Details	Full description
NCT04583592 CAMELOT NCT04583592, Unpublished, 2022 Full text	Not reported/unclear	Camostat Mesilate	Placebo	RCT	Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated by multiple centers in the USA.	N=295	Low Details	Full description
NCT04524663 COPS-2003 NCT04524663, Unpublished, 2022 Full text	Not reported/unclear	Camostat Mesilate	Placebo	RCT	Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated by one center in the USA.	N=49	Some concerns Details	Full description
NCT04369469 NCT04369469, Unpublished, 2022 Full text	Not reported/unclear	Ravulizumab	Standard care	RCT	Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to multiple centers in France, Japan, Spain, UK and the USA.	N=202	Some concerns Details	Full description
NCT04385199 NCT04385199, Unpublished, 2022 Full text	Not reported/unclear	Convalescent plasma	Standard care	RCT	Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (severe-critical) admitted to a single center in the USA.	N=30	Some concerns Details	Full description
EudraCT2020-001156-18 PANCOVID Montejano R, Clin Infect Dis, 2022 Full text Commentary Commentary	Mixed	Tenofovir + Emtricitabine + Dexamethasone + Baricitinib Baricitinib + Dexamethasone Tenofovir + Emtricitabine + Dexamethasone	Dexamethasone	RCT	Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to or treated by 25 centers in Spain.	N=287	Some concerns Details	Full description
NCT04746183; ISRCTN27106947; EudraCT 2020-001860-2 AGILE CST-2 Khoo SH, medRxiv, 2022 Full text Commentary Commentary	Mixed	Molnupiravir	Placebo	RCT	Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated by 5 centers in the UK	N=180	Some concerns Details	Full description