| Outcome |
Relative effect
(95% CI) |
Absolute effect
(95% CI)1 |
Certainty of the Evidence
(GRADE) |
Clinical improvement
D28 |
RR: 0.86
(0.55 - 1.32) |
117 fewer per 1000
(from 375 fewer to 267 more)
|
Very low certainty
Reasons to downgrade
Risk of bias: Not serious Inconsistency: Not serious Indirectness: Serious
single study from a single institution therefore results in this population might not be generalizable to other settings Imprecision: Very serious
due to very wide confidence interval consistent with the possibility for benefit and the possibility for harm and low number of events
|
| 1 trials
Patel O, 2021
33 participants
|
|
Zinc
717 per 1,000
(458 - 1000) |
Standard care/Placebo
833
per 1,000 |
|
Clinical improvement
D60 |
Outcome not yet measured or reported
|
|
WHO progression score (level 7 or above)
D28 |
RR: 0.8
(0.15 - 4.18) |
33 fewer per 1000
(from 142 fewer to 530 more)
|
Very low certainty
Reasons to downgrade
Risk of bias: Not serious Inconsistency: Not serious Indirectness: Serious
single study from a single institution therefore results in this population might not be generalizable to other settings Imprecision: Very serious
due to very wide confidence interval consistent with the possibility for benefit and the possibility for harm
|
| 1 trials
Patel O, 2021
33 participants
|
|
Zinc
133 per 1,000
(25 - 697) |
Standard care/Placebo
167
per 1,000 |
|
WHO progression score (level 7 or above)
D60 |
Outcome not yet measured or reported
|
|
All-cause mortality
D28 |
RR: 0.8
(0.15 - 4.18) |
33 fewer per 1000
(from 142 fewer to 530 more)
|
Very low certainty
Reasons to downgrade
Risk of bias: Not serious Inconsistency: Not serious Indirectness: Serious
single study from a single institution therefore results in this population might not be generalizable to other settings Imprecision: Very serious
due to very wide confidence interval consistent with the possibility for benefit and the possibility for harm
|
| 1 trials
Patel O, 2021
33 participants
|
|
Zinc
133 per 1,000
(25 - 697) |
Standard care/Placebo
167
per 1,000 |
|
All-cause mortality
D60 |
Outcome not yet measured or reported
|
|
Viral negative conversion
D7 |
Outcome not yet measured or reported
|
|
Adverse events
|
RR: 18.15
(1.09 - 302.17) |
Absolute effects were not calculated due to zero events in the control group
|
Very low certainty
Reasons to downgrade
Risk of bias: Serious
Risk of bias downgraded by 1 level: some concerns regarding deviations from the intervention, missing data, and outcome measurement Inconsistency: Not serious Indirectness: Serious
We presume that the adverse event rates and the corresponding relative risks, are similar across diverse settings, therefore not downgraded for indirectness Imprecision: Serious
due to low number of participants/events
|
| 1 trials
Thomas S, COVID A to Z, 2021
108 participants
|
|
Zinc
0 per 1,000
(* - *) |
Standard care/Placebo
0
per 1,000 |
|
Serious adverse events
|
Outcome not yet measured or reported
|
|
1The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI)
CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect
Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different
Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect
Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect
