| Outcome |
Relative effect
(95% CI) |
Absolute effect
(95% CI)1 |
Certainty of the Evidence
(GRADE) |
Clinical improvement
D28 |
Outcome not yet measured or reported
|
|
Clinical improvement
D60 |
Outcome not yet measured or reported
|
|
Hospitalisation or death
|
RR: 1.00
(0.21 - 4.82) |
0 fewer per 1000
(from 26 fewer to 127 more)
|
Moderate certainty
Reasons to downgrade
Risk of bias: Not serious Inconsistency: Not serious Indirectness: Not serious Imprecision: Serious
due to wide confidence interval consistent with the possibility for no effect/trivial effect and the possibility for harm
|
| 2 trials
Feld JJ, 2021; Jagannathan P, 2021
180 participants
|
|
Peginterferon Lambda-1
33 per 1,000
(7 - 161) |
Placebo
33
per 1,000 |
|
WHO progression score (level 7 or above)
D28 |
Outcome not yet measured or reported
|
|
WHO progression score (level 7 or above)
D60 |
Outcome not yet measured or reported
|
|
All-cause mortality
D28 |
RR: Not estimable |
Zero events in both groups
|
Low certainty
Reasons to downgrade
Risk of bias: Not serious Inconsistency: Not serious Indirectness: Not serious Imprecision: Very serious
no events in both groups
|
| 2 trials
Feld JJ, 2020; Jagannathan P, 2021
180 participants
|
|
Peginterferon Lambda-1
0 per 1,000
( - ) |
Placebo
0
per 1,000 |
|
All-cause mortality
D60 |
RR: * |
Zero events in both groups
|
Very low certainty
Reasons to downgrade
Risk of bias: Not serious Inconsistency: Not serious Indirectness: Serious
despite a multicentre design this is a single study from a single country, therefore results in this population might not be generalizable to other settings. Imprecision: Very serious
no events in both groups
|
| 1 trials
Jagannathan P; 2021
120 participants
|
|
Peginterferon Lambda-1
0 per 1,000
(* - *) |
Placebo
0
per 1,000 |
|
Viral negative conversion
D7 |
RR: 1.26
(0.91 - 1.75) |
165 more per 1000
(from 57 fewer to 475 more)
|
Very low certainty
Reasons to downgrade
Risk of bias: Not serious Inconsistency: Not serious Indirectness: Serious
despite a multicentre design this is a single study from a single country, therefore results in this population might not be generalizable to other settings. Imprecision: Very serious
due to very wide confidence interval consistent with the possibility for benefit and the possibility for harm
|
| 1 trials
Feld JJ, 2021
60 participants
|
|
Peginterferon Lambda-1
798 per 1,000
(576 - 1000) |
Placebo
633
per 1,000 |
|
Adverse events
|
RR: 1.19
(0.75 - 1.88) |
67 more per 1000
(from 88 fewer to 308 more)
|
Low certainty
Reasons to downgrade
Risk of bias: Not serious Inconsistency: Not serious Indirectness: Not serious
We presume that the adverse event rates and the corresponding relative risks, are similar across diverse settings, therefore not downgraded for indirectness Imprecision: Very serious
due to very wide confidence interval consistent with the possibility for benefit and the possibility for harm
|
| 1 trials
Jagannathan P, 2021
120 participants
|
|
Peginterferon Lambda-1
417 per 1,000
(263 - 658) |
Placebo
350
per 1,000 |
|
Serious adverse events
|
RR: 1.00
(0.21 - 4.82) |
0 fewer per 1000
(from 26 fewer to 127 more)
|
Low certainty
Reasons to downgrade
Risk of bias: Not serious Inconsistency: Not serious Indirectness: Not serious
We presume that the adverse event rates and the corresponding relative risks, are similar across diverse settings, therefore not downgraded for indirectness Imprecision: Very serious
due to very wide confidence interval consistent with the possibility for benefit and the possibility for harm
|
| 2 trials
Jagannathan P, 2021; Feld JJ, 2020
180 participants
|
|
Peginterferon Lambda-1
33 per 1,000
(7 - 161) |
Placebo
33
per 1,000 |
|
1The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI)
CI: Confidence interval; RR: Risk ratio
GRADE Working Group grades of evidence
High certainty: We are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect
Moderate certainty: We are moderately confident in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different
Low certainty: Our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: The true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect
Very low certainty: We have very little confidence in the effect estimate: The true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect
