Covid-19 living Data

Pharmacologic treatments for covid-19 patients

Methods

Protocol amendment:

As of December 14, 2022, the COVID-NMA revised its protocol and stopped including pharmacological interventions trials. The analysis presented in this page includes trials identified and included up to December 14, 2022. Ofnote, different last search date are considered by category. We provide the updated results up to last search defined next to each comparison including all identified reports through our search strategy up to this date.

meta-COVID

Perform your own analysis using COVID-NMA data, create and download your forest plots by clicking below:

Summary of Main Results

Summary of the evidence for pharmacological treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients identified up to October 17, 2022 is available below.

For earlier editions of the summary of main results, click here

Treatment comparisons

Create and download your forest plots with the most up-to-date data here Forest plots

Display new or updated analyses

Display all results

Access the forest plots for the 363 treatment comparisons .

Comparisons evaluating antivirals and immunomodulators with last search date December 14, 2022.

Anti-virals (82 comparisons) update new

Alpha-1 antitrypsin vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Aprotinin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

AT-527 vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

AT-527 550 mg vs AT-527 1100 mg - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Atazanavir+Ritonavir+Dolutegravir+Hydroxychloroquine vs Hydroxychloroquine+Lopinavir+Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date Feb 28, 2022.)

Atazanavir/Ritonavir vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Azithromycin +Naproxen vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Azvudine vs Standard care/Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Baloxavir marboxil vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Baricitinib+Remdesivir vs Remdesivir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

BLD-2660 vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Brequinar vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Camostat Mesilate vs Placebo - 7 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Clevudine vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Enisamium vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Ensitrelvir vs Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Ensovibep vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Favipiravir vs Umifenovir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Favipiravir vs Baloxavir marboxil - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Favipiravir vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir - 4 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Favipiravir vs Standard care/Placebo - 20 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Favipiravir vs Favipiravir+Tocilizumab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Favipiravir vs Tocilizumab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Favipiravir vs favipiravir + camostat + ciclesonide - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Favipiravir Early vs Favipiravir Late - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Favipiravir+Hydroxychloroquine vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Favipiravir+interferon beta-1b vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Remdesivir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Hydroxychloroquine+Lopinavir+Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+Lopinavir+Ritonavir vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+Ribavirin vs Lopinavir+Ritonavir+Ribavirin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+Ribavirin vs Standard care - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+Umifenovir vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Hydroxychlrooquine+ Sofosbuvir vs Hydroxychloroquine + lopinavir + ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Inosine Pranobex vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Interferon beta 1a + sofosbuvir vs Interferon beta-1a - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Interferon Beta 1b + Remdesivir vs Remdesivir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Interferon beta-1b vs Interferon beta-1a - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Ivermectin vs Lopinavir-Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Lopinavir + Ritonavir vs Standard care - 8 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Lopinavir + Ritonavir vs Umifenovir - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Lopinavir + Ritonavir vs Hydroxychloroquine+Lopinavir+Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Lopinavir + Ritonavir + Favipiravir vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Lopinavir + Ritonavir + Ribavirin + Interferon-b-1b vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Lopinavir+Ritonavir+Interferon alpha vs Ribavirin+Interferon alpha - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Lopinavir+Ritonavir+Ribavirin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Lopinavir-Ritonavir vs Lopinavir-Ritonavir+Interferon beta-1a - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Lopinavir-Ritonavir vs Hydroxychloroquine - 3 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Lopinavir-Ritonavir+Interferon beta-1a vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Lopinavir-Ritonavir+Interferon beta-1a vs Standard Care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Lopinavir/ritonavir + hydroxychloroquine + interferon-Beta1a + umifenovir vs Lopinavir/ritonavir + hydroxychloroquine + interferon Beta-1a - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Methisoprinol vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Molnupiravir vs Standard care/Placebo - 9 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Nirmatrelvir/ritonavir vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Nitazoxanide+atazanavir/ritonavir vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Novaferon vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Novaferon + Lopinavir + Ritonavir vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Novaferon + Lopinavir + Ritonavir vs Novaferon - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Prednisolone+ Azithromycin +Naproxen vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Prednisolone+ Azithromycin +Naproxen vs Azithromycin +Naproxen - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Remdesivir vs Standard Care/Placebo - 10 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Remdesivir vs Favipiravir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Remdesivir 5 days vs Remdesivir 10 days - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Ribavirin+Lopinavir+Ritonavir+Interferon alpha vs Ribavirin+Interferon alpha - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Ribavirin+Lopinavir+Ritonavir+Interferon alpha vs Lopinavir+Ritonavir+Interferon alpha - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Sofosbuvir vs Lopinavir+ritonavir+interferon beta1 - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Sofosbuvir + Daclatasvir + Ribavirin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Sofosbuvir + Ravidasvir vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Sofosbuvir+Daclatasvir vs Lopinavir + Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Sofosbuvir-Daclatasvir vs Sofosbuvir + Ravidasvir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Sofosbuvir/daclatasvir vs Standard care/Placebo - 5 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir vs Nitazoxanide - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir vs Standard care - 3 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Sofosbuvir/Velpatasvir vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Tenofovir vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Tenofovir + Emtricitabine vs Tenofovir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Tenofovir + Emtricitabine vs Standard care - 3 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Tenofovir + Emtricitabine + Dexamethasone vs Dexamethasone - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Tocilizumab vs Favipiravir+Tocilizumab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Tocilizumab + Remdesivir vs Remdesivir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Tocilizumab + Remdesivir vs Dexamethasone - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Triazavirin vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Umifenovir vs Standard care - 3 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Interferons (13 comparisons) update new

Kinase inhibitor (17 comparisons) update new

Corticosteroids (14 comparisons) update new

Monoclonal antibodies (75 comparisons) update new

Adalimumab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Anakinra vs Tocilizumab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Anakinra vs Siltuximab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Anakinra vs Standard care/Placebo - 8 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Anakinra + Tocilizumab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Astegolimab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Astegolimab vs Efmarodocokin alfa - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Avdoralimab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Bamlanivimab vs Placebo - 6 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Bamlanivimab vs REGN-COV2 - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Bamlanivimab vs Bamlanivimab+Etesevimab - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Bamlanivimab+Etesevimab vs Sotrovimab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Bamlanivimab+Etesevimab vs REGN-COV2 - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Bamlanivimab+Etesevimab vs Placebo - 4 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Baricitinib vs Tocilizumab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Bebtelovimab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Bebtelovimab vs Bebtelovimab + bamlanivimab+etesevimab - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Bebtelovimab + bamlanivimab+etesevimab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

BGB-DXP593 vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

BRII-196 plus BRII-198 vs Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Canakinumab vs Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Canakinumab 600mg vs Canakinumab 300mg - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Casirivimab+Imdevimab (REGN-COV2) vs Standard care/Placebo - 7 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

CERC-002 vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Clazakizumab vs Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Crizanlizumab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Dupilumab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Efmarodocokin alfa vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Emapalumab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Emapalumab vs Anakinra - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Etesevimab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Favipiravir vs Favipiravir+Tocilizumab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Favipiravir vs Tocilizumab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Foralumab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Foralumab vs Foralumab+Dexamethasone - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Foralumab+Dexamethasone vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Garadacimab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Gimsilumab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

hzVSF-v13 vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Infliximab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Itolizumab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Ixekizumab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Lanadelumab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Lenzilumab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Levilimab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Mavrilimumab vs Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Methylprednisolone vs Methylprednisolone +Tocilizumab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Mupadolimab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Namilumab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Olokizumab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Otilimab vs Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Pamrevlumab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Pembrolizumab + Tocizilumab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Ravulizumab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Regdanvimab (CT-P59) vs Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Reparixin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

RPH-104 vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

RPH-104 vs Olokizumab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Sarilumab vs Standard care/Placebo - 11 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Secukinumab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Siltuximab vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Sirukumab vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Sotrovimab vs BRII-196 plus BRII-198 - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Sotrovimab vs Casirivimab+Imdevimab (REGN-COV2) - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Sotrovimab vs Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Tixagevimab+Cilgavimab vs Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Tocilizumab vs Siltuximab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Tocilizumab vs Standard care/Placebo - 21 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Tocilizumab vs Favipiravir+Tocilizumab - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Tocilizumab vs Dexamethasone - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Tocilizumab + Dexamethasone vs Dexamethasone - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Tocilizumab + HCQ/AZM vs HCQ/AZM - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Tocilizumab + Remdesivir vs Remdesivir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022.)

Tocilizumab 4 mg/kg vs Tocilizumab 8 mg/kg - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Vilobelimab vs Placebo/Standard care - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 14 Dec, 2022)

Other immunomodulators (13 comparisons) update new

Convalescent plasma (4 comparisons) update new

Comparisons with last search date 28 February 2022 or as stated next to each comparison.

Other antimicrobials (antibiotics, antimalarials, antiparasitics) (42 comparisons) update new

Atazanavir+Ritonavir+Dolutegravir+Hydroxychloroquine vs Hydroxychloroquine+Lopinavir+Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date Feb 28, 2022.)

Azithromycin vs Standard care/Placebo - 6 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Chloroquine vs Standard Care - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Chloroquine (nasal drops) vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Clarithromycin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Darunavir/cobicistat vs Standard Care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Doxycycline vs Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Doxycycline vs Standard care - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Emtricitabine/tenofovir + Colchicine + Rosuvastatin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Favipiravir+interferon beta-1b vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Febuxostat vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Standard Care/Placebo - 28 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Chloroquine - 3 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Remdesivir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Vitamin C - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Azithromycin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin vs Standard care/Placebo - 4 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin vs Hydroxychloroquine - 4 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin vs Vitamin C - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+ivermectin+azithromycin vs Ivermectin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+Ribavirin vs Lopinavir+Ritonavir+Ribavirin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+Ribavirin vs Standard care - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+Zinc vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychlrooquine+ Sofosbuvir vs Hydroxychloroquine + lopinavir + ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Indomethacin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Itraconazole vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin vs Standard care/Placebo - 22 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin vs Lopinavir-Ritonavir - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin vs Hydroxychloroquine - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin 12 mg vs Ivermectin 24 mg - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin 6mg vs Ivermectin 12mg - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin+Doxycycline vs Hydroxychloroquine+Azithromycin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin+Doxycycline vs Standard care/Placebo - 3 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Ivermectin+Doxycycline vs Ivermectine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Levamisole vs Standard care/Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Lincomycin vs Azithromycin - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Lopinavir-Ritonavir vs Hydroxychloroquine - 3 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Lopinavir-Ritonavir+Interferon beta-1a vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Metronidazole vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Niclosamide vs Standard care/Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Nitazoxanide vs Standard care/Placebo - 5 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

NSAIDs and Anti-inflammatories (8 comparisons) update new

Antithrombotic (antiplatelet, anticoagulant, thrombolytic drug) (13 comparisons) update new

Other Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) (3 comparisons) update new

Others (54 comparisons) update new

a-Lipoic acid vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Ammonium chloride vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Apremilast vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date Feb 28, 2022.)

Aprepitant+Dexamethasone vs Dexamethasone - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Aspirin vs Standard care/Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Aviptadil vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

BCG vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Bromhexine vs Standard care - 3 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 21 Jan, 2022.)

C1 Esterase/Kallikrein Inhibitor vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Colchicine + Rosuvastatin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Combined metabolic cofactor supplementation vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Compound 21 vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Continue ARB/ACEI vs Discontinue ARB/ACEI - 5 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Dapagliflozin vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Dutasteride vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 21 Jan, 2022.)

Famotidine vs Standard care/Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Febuxostat vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Finasteride vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 21 Jan, 2022.)

Fluvoxamine vs Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

GB0139 vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine vs Vitamin C - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine + Azithromycin vs Vitamin C - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Hydroxychloroquine+Zinc vs Hydroxychloroquine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Icatibant vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Icatibant vs C1 Esterase/Kallikrein Inhibitor - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Icosapent ethyl vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date Feb 28, 2022.)

Inhaled Nitric Oxide vs Standard care - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

KB109 vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Losartan vs Amlodipine - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Losartan vs Standard care/Placebo - 4 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Mycobacterium vaccae vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

N-acetylcysteine vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Neutral electrolyzed saline vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Pentoxifylline vs Standard care/Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Progesterone vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 21 Jan, 2022.)

Prolectin-M vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Prostacyclin vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Proxalutamide vs Standard care/Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Pyridostigmine vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Quercetin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Sildenafil vs Placebo - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Sitagliptin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Sitagliptin + Spironolactone vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Spironolactone vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Telmisartan vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Tissue-plasminogen activator (tPA) bolus+heparin vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 28 Feb, 2022.)

Vitamin C vs Zinc - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Vitamin C vs Vitamin C + zinc - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Vitamin C vs Standard of care/Placebo - 4 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Vitamin C+Zinc vs Standard care - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Vitamin D vs Standard care/Placebo - 4 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Vitamin D 5000 IU vs Vitamin D 1000 IU - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Zinc vs Standard care/Placebo - 2 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Zinc vs Vitamin C+Zinc - 1 RCTs (This comparison will not be updated. Last search date 22 Oct, 2021.)

Search studies

General characteristics of primary studies

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Trial	Funding	Comparisons		Design	Participants	Sample size	Overall risk of bias Highest assessment	Full description
		Treatment 1	Treatment 2
CTRI/2021/02/030892 Jayanthi CR, Adv Ther, 2022 Full text Commentary	Private	Inosine Pranobex	Placebo	RCT	Outpatients (68%) and inpatients (32%) with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) treated by 11 centers in India	N=416	Some concerns Details	Full description
IRCT20200504047298N1 Siami Z, Iran Red Crescent Med J, 2022 Full text Commentary	Public/non profit	Atazanavir/Ritonavir	Lopinavir + Ritonavir	RCT	Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-severe) admitted to a single center in Iran.	N=103	Some concerns Details	Full description
NCT04445467 VIRCO McMahon JH, EClinicalMedicine, 2022 Full text Full text Commentary	Mixed	Favipiravir	Placebo	RCT	Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated by a single center in Australia	N=199	Some concerns Details	Full description
NCT05041907 PLATCOV Jittamala P, medRxiv, 2022 Full text Commentary Commentary	Public/non profit	Remdesivir	Standard care	RCT	Patients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated by 4 centers in Thailand (3 hospital sites) and Brazil (1 outpatient site)	N=136	Some concerns Details	Full description
NCT05033145 Cabral P, ResearchSquare, 2022 Full text Commentary Commentary	Not reported/unclear	Azvudine	Placebo	RCT	Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated by 5 centers in Brazil	N=312	Some concerns Details	Full description
NCT04518410 ACTIV-2 Jilg N, Top Antivir Med, 2022 a Full text	Not reported/unclear	Camostat Mesilate	Placebo	RCT	Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) treated by 54 centers in the USA	N=215	N/A	Full description
NCT04518410 ACTIV-2 Evering TH, Open Forum Infect Dis, 2021 Full text Commentary	Not reported/unclear	BRII-196 plus BRII-198	Placebo	RCT	Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) treated by multiple centers in the USA, Brazil, South Africa, Mexico, Argentina and the Philippines.	N=837	Some concerns Details	Full description
NCT04518410 ACTIV-2 Taiwo BO, Top Antivir Med, 2022 Full text	Not reported/unclear	SAB-185	Placebo	RCT	Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) treated by 42 centers in the USA	N=213	N/A	Full description
NCT04575038 CRISIS2 CRISIS2, Unpublished, 2022 Full text	Not reported/unclear	Brequinar	Placebo	RCT	Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild) treated by 14 centers in USA.	N=115	Low Details	Full description
NCT04709835 NCT04709835, Unpublished, 2022 Full text	Not reported/unclear	AT-527 AT-527 550 mg	Placebo AT-527 1100 mg	RCT	Outpatients with confirmed COVID-19 (mild-moderate) treated by 12 centers in Canada, Greece, Ireland, Latvia, Spain, UK	N=100	Some concerns Details	Full description