COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness
(Randomized evidence)
Methods
Analyses are updated every two weeks
meta-COVID
Perform your own analysis using COVID-NMA data, create and download your forest plots by clicking below:
Vaccine types
Vaccine efficacy and safety for vaccine vs placebo / no vaccine (forest plots)
Overall efficacy and safety of all vaccines vs placebo - Charts (Last update:2022-04-14)
- Forest plots (last update: 2021-11-19)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2022-08-04)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2022-07-07)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2022-03-18)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2022-08-04)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2022-07-07)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2022-08-04)
- Studies included
Vaccine effectiveness over time
RNA based vaccine
Non replicating viral vector
Inactivated virus
Protein subunit
Virus-Like particle
DNA based vaccine
Vaccine efficacy and safety for vaccine vs vaccine (forest plots)
- BECOV2 vs ChAdOx1 - Forest plots (last update: 2022-06-25)
- BNT162b2 vs mRNA-1273 - Forest plots (last update: 2022-06-25)
- SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vs ChAdOx1 - Forest plots (last update: 2021-11-26)
- VLA2001 vs ChAdOx1 - Forest plots (last update: 2022-08-08)
Vaccine efficacy and safety against variants of concern (forest plots)
Vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of heterologous vs homologous vaccination (tables)
- Immunogenicity
Geometric mean titre specific antibodies
N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2; GMT1: Geometric mean titre for intervention 1; GMT2: Geometric mean titre for intervention 2Reference Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
daysParticipants GMT1(N1) GMT2(N2) GMR [95% CI] Evaluated by Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Liu X, 2021 1 dose ChAdOx1/ 1 dose BNT162b2 2 doses ChAdOx1 28 Adults 12,995
(108)1,387
(105)9.3 [7.7, 11] SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG, ELISA -ELU/mL Liu X, 2021 1 dose BNT162b2 /1 dose ChAdOx1 2 doses BNT162b2 28 Adults 7,133
(109)13,938
(110)0.51 [0.41, 0.6] SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG, ELISA -ELU/mL Li J, 2022 1 dose CoronaVac / 1 dose Ad5-vectored 2 doses CoronaVac 14 Healthy adults 942
(51)154
(50)6.11 [3.90, 9.57] RBD-specific IgG ELISA Janssen C, 2022 1 dose BNT162b2/1 dose mRNA-1273 2 doses BNT162b2 28 Adults 3,706
(96)2,698
(94)1.37 [1.10, 1.72] ELISA Janssen C, 2022 1 dose mRNA-1273 /1 dose BNT162b2 2 doses mRNA-1273 28 Adults 2,690
(103)3,995
(97)0.67 [0.55, 0.82] ELISA
Geometric mean titre neutralizing antibodies
N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2; GMT1: Geometric mean titre for intervention 1; GMT2: Geometric mean titre for intervention 2Reference Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
daysParticipants GMT1(N1) GMT2(N2) GMR [95% CI] Evaluated by Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Liu X, 2021 1 dose ChAdOx1/ 1 dose BNT162b2 2 doses ChAdOx1 28 Adults 515
(101)61
(101)8.5 [6.5, 11] Pseudotype virus neutralising antibody, NT50 Liu X, 2021 1 dose BNT162b2 /1 dose ChAdOx1 2 doses BNT162b2 28 Adults 383
(104)574
(102)0.67 [0.51, 0.88] Pseudotype virus neutralising antibody, NT50 Li J, 2022 1 dose CoronaVac / 1 dose Ad5-vectored 2 doses CoronaVac 14 Healthy adults 54
(51)13
(50)4.3 [2.5, 7.3] CPE-based microneutralization assay-wild-type Janssen C, 2022 1 dose BNT162b2/1 dose mRNA-1273 2 doses BNT162b2 28 Adults 523
(96)396
(94)1.31 [1.02, 1.69] CPE (cytopathic effect)-based virus neutralization test (VNT) - Safety
Serious adverse events
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 RR [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Liu X, 2021 1 dose ChAdOx1/ 1 dose BNT162b2 2 doses ChAdOx1 NR Adults 0 / 114 1 / 115 0.34
[0.01 - 8.17]Liu X, 2021 1 dose BNT162b2 /1 dose ChAdOx1 2 doses BNT162b2 NR Adults 0 / 115 0 / 119 NR Macchia A, 2022 Gam-COVID-Vac rAd26-S Gam-COVID-Vac rAd26-S/BBIBP-CorV 1 Adults 0 / 87 0 / 65 NR Stuart A, 2021 a 1 dose ChAdOx1 followed by 1 dose NVX-CoV2373 2 doses ChAdOx1 NR Older adults 1 / 179 3 / 180 0.34
[0.04 - 3.19]Stuart A, 2021 a 1 dose ChAdOx1 followed by 1 dose mRNA-1273 2 doses ChAdOx1 NR Older adults 3 / 181 3 / 180 0.99
[0.2 - 4.86]Stuart A, 2021 b 1 dose BNT162b2 followed by 1 dose NVX-CoV2373 2 doses BNT162b2 NR Older adults 3 / 180 2 / 175 1.46
[0.25 - 8.62]Stuart A, 2021 b 1 dose BNT162b2 followed by 1 dose mRNA-1273 2 doses BNT162b2 NR Older adults 3 / 177 2 / 175 1.48
[0.25 - 8.77]Li J, 2022 1 dose CoronaVac / 1 dose Ad5-vectored 2 doses CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 0 / 51 0 / 50 NR Janssen C, 2022 1 dose BNT162b2/1 dose mRNA-1273 2 doses BNT162b2 0.9 Adults 0 / 102 0 / 101 NR Janssen C, 2022 1 dose mRNA-1273 /1 dose BNT162b2 2 doses mRNA-1273 0.9 Adults 0 / 106 0 / 105 NR
Vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of booster vs no booster (tables)
- Efficacy
Severe or critical COVID-19 after complete vaccination
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 Vaccine efficacy [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Toledo-Romani ME, 2021 Protein subunit FINLAY-FR-2-25 mcg Boost FINLAY-FR-1-50 mcg Placebo 1.7 Adults 0 / 13883 6 / 14303 100.0
[*, *]
Confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 after complete vaccination
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 VE [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Moreira E D, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 2.5 Adults and adolescents 6 / 4695 123 / 4671 95.3
[89.5, 98.3]Toledo-Romani ME, 2021 Protein subunit FINLAY-FR-2-25 mcg Boost FINLAY-FR-1-50 mcg Placebo 1.7 Adults 15 / 13883 155 / 14303 92.4
[86.9, 95.6]Wang X-Y, 2022 Inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac Boost V-01 Placebo 2 Healthy adults 38 / 4935 72 / 4934 47.8
[22.6, 64.7] - Immunogenicity
Geometric mean titre specific antibodies
Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2; GMT1: Geometric mean titre for intervention 1; GMT2: Geometric mean titre for intervention 2; N1GMR: Geometric mean ratioReference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
daysParticipants GMT1(N1) GMT2(N2) GMR [95% CI] Evaluated by Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Hall VG, 2021 RNA based vaccine mRNA-1273 Boost mRNA-1273 Placebo 28 Transplant recipients 3,145
(60)86
(57)36.5 [ 12.9, 94] Roche Elecsys Vadrevu KM, 2022 Inactivated virus BBV152 Boost BBV152 Placebo 28 Adolescents and adults 7,013
(80)4,294
(87)1.56 [1.06, 2.28] ELISA
Geometric mean titre neutralizing antibodies
Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2; GMT1: Geometric mean titre for intervention 1; GMT2: Geometric mean titre for intervention 2; N1GMR: Geometric mean ratioReference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
daysParticipants GMT1(N1) GMT2(N2) GMR [95% CI] Evaluated by Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Munro A, 2021 f RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost mRNA1273 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 2,019
(91)175
(98)12.04 [9.95, 14.58] PNA Munro A, 2021 f RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost CVnCov Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 487
(91)175
(98)2.57 [2.13, 3.12] PNA Munro A, 2021 f RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 half dose Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1,339
(92)175
(98)6.91 [5.70, 8.37] PNA Munro A, 2021 b RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost ChadOx1 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 950
(98)157
(111)6.01 [4.87, 7.41] PNA Munro A, 2021 b RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost Novavax Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 766
(94)157
(111)5.39 [4.35, 6.67] PNA Munro A, 2021 b RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost Novavax half dose Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 606
(89)157
(111)3.50 [2.81, 4.36] PNA Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1,789
(95)205
(93)8.35 [6.88, 10.14] PNA Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost VLA2001 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 289
(91)205
(93)1.38 [1.14, 1.68] PNA Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost VLA2001 half dose Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 234
(87)205
(93)1.22 [1.00, 1.49] PNA Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost Ad26.COV2.S Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1,441
(75)205
(93)7.84 [6.37, 9.64] PNA Munro A, 2021 e Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost mRNA1273 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 2,368
(97)80
(101)26.98 [21.88, 33.26] PNA Munro A, 2021 e Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost CVnCov Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 373
(99)80
(101)5.06 [4.11, 6.23] PNA Munro A, 2021 e Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost BNT162b2 half dose Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1,344
(103)80
(101)15.14 [12.32, 18.60] PNA Munro A , 2021 a Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost ChadOx1 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 193
(98)85
(90)2.47 [1.96, 3.11] PNA Munro A , 2021 a Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost Novavax Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 727
(87)85
(90)8.86 [7.00, 11.22] PNA Munro A , 2021 a Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost Novavax half dose Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 470
(86)85
(90)5.89 [4.64, 7.46] PNA Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1,621
(93)70
(91)21.58 [16.93, 27.51] PNA Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost VLA2001 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 202
(89)70
(91)2.68 [2.10, 3.43] PNA Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost VLA2001 half dose Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 147
(95)70
(91)2.01 [1.57, 2.55] PNA Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost Ad26.COV2.S Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 563
(95)70
(91)6.85 [5.37, 8.73] PNA Wang X-Y, 2022 Inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac Boost V-01 Placebo 14 Healthy adults 1,453
(199)157
(221)NR Live SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay. A CPE assay was used to determine the 50% neutralization titer to live SARS-CoV-2. The neutralizing titer was set as the dilution number of the 50% protective condition using the Reed and Muench method. The neutralizing activity against ancestral strain was quantified by micro-dose cytopathogenic effect assays, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10. Neutralizing activity against ancestral strain was quantified at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences by conducting micro-dose cytopathogenic effect assays, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10. Vadrevu KM, 2022 Inactivated virus BBV152 Boost BBV152 Placebo 28 Adolescents and adults 746
(80)101
(87)7.41 [2.96, 18.51] Plaque reduction neutralisation test - Safety
Serious adverse events
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 RR [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Moreira E D, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 2.5 Adults and adolescents 16 / 5055 24 / 5020 0.66
[0.35 - 1.24]Munro A, 2021 f RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost mRNA1273 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 110 0 / 112 NR Munro A, 2021 f RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost CVnCov Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 106 0 / 112 3.17
[0.13 - 76.94]Munro A, 2021 f RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 half dose Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 110 0 / 112 NR Munro A, 2021 b RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost ChadOx1 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 109 1 / 118 0.36
[0.01 - 8.76]Munro A, 2021 b RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost Novavax Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 114 1 / 118 1.04
[0.07 - 16.35]Munro A, 2021 b RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost Novavax half dose Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 2 / 112 1 / 118 2.11
[0.19 - 22.91]Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 109 0 / 109 3
[0.12 - 72.84]Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost VLA2001 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 110 0 / 109 NR Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost VLA2001 half dose Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 110 0 / 109 2.97
[0.12 - 72.18]Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost Ad26.COV2.S Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 106 0 / 109 NR Munro A, 2021 e Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost mRNA1273 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 112 0 / 114 3.05
[0.13 - 74.16]Munro A, 2021 e Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost CVnCov Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 119 0 / 114 NR Munro A, 2021 e Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost BNT162b2 half dose Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 116 0 / 114 NR Munro A , 2021 a Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost ChadOx1 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 111 0 / 109 2.95
[0.12 - 71.54]Munro A , 2021 a Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost Novavax Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 115 0 / 109 NR Munro A , 2021 a Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost Novavax half dose Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 108 0 / 109 NR Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 106 1 / 105 0.33
[0.01 - 8.01]Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost VLA2001 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 3 / 109 1 / 105 2.89
[0.31 - 27.34]Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost VLA2001 half dose Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 111 1 / 105 0.32
[0.01 - 7.66]Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost Ad26.COV2.S Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 108 1 / 105 0.97
[0.06 - 15.34]Wang X-Y, 2022 Inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac Boost V-01 Placebo NR Healthy adults 6 / 5108 8 / 5110 0.75
[0.26 - 2.16]Vadrevu KM, 2022 Inactivated virus BBV152 Boost BBV152 Placebo 1 Adolescents and adults 0 / 80 0 / 87 NR
All-cause mortality
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 RR [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Vadrevu KM, 2022 Inactivated virus BBV152 Boost BBV152 Placebo 1 Adolescents and adults 0 / 80 0 / 87 NR Toledo-Romani ME, 2021 Protein subunit FINLAY-FR-2-25 mcg Boost FINLAY-FR-1-50 mcg Placebo 5.2 Adults 11 / 13883 24 / 14303 0.47
[0.23 - 0.96]Moreira E D, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 2.5 Adults and adolescents 0 / 5055 1 / 5020 0.33
[0.01 - 8.12]Wang X-Y, 2022 Inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac Boost V-01 Placebo 2 Healthy adults 0 / 5108 0 / 5110 NR
Vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of booster VS booster (tables)
- Immunogenicity
Geometric mean titre specific antibodies
Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2; GMT1: Geometric mean titre for intervention 1; GMT2: Geometric mean titre for intervention 2; N1GMR: Geometric mean ratioReference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
daysParticipants GMT Boost1 (N1) GMT Boost2 (N2) GMR [95% CI] Evaluated by Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Al Kaabi N, 2022 Inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV Boost NVSI-06-07 (Interval 1-3 m) Boost BBIBP-CorV (Interval 1-3 m) 14 Adults 0
(267)0
(270)NR ELISA Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost BNT162b2 Boost CoronaVac 28 Healthy adults 674,267
(333)48,405
(281)13.4 [11.6, 15.3] multiplex immunoassay Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost ChAdOx1 Boost CoronaVac 28 Healthy adults 335,213
(296)48,405
(281)7.0 [6.1, 8.1] multiplex immunoassay Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost AD26.COV2-S Boost CoronaVac 28 Healthy adults 336,851
(294)48,405
(281)6.7 [5.8, 7.7] multiplex immunoassay Nanthapisal S, 2022 Inactivated virus 2 doses of CoronaVac 21-28 days apart Boost ChAdOx1-S standard dose Boost ChAdOx1-S low-dose 14 Healthy adults 1,975
(209)1,664
(209)NR ELISA Shinkai M, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost S-268019-b Boost BNT162b2 28 Adults 48,465
(101)55,215
(101)0.87 [0.72, 1.06] ELISA anti-spike IgG, LLOQ: 100 Li J, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored Boost Coronavac 14 Healthy adults 3,090
(96)369
(102)8.37 [6.52, 10.75] RBD-specific IgG ELISA Li JX, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored high dose Boost CoronaVac 14 Healthy adults 6,175
(140)670
(140)9.21 [6.87, 12.35] ELISA Li JX, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored low dose Boost CoronaVac 14 Healthy adults 4,625
(140)670
(140)6.9 [5.01, 9.50] ELISA Toledo-Romani ME, 2021 Protein subunit FR-1-50 mcg Boost FINLAY-FR-2 Boost FR-1 14 Healthy adults 72
(51)99
(58)NR ELISA Cao Y, 2021 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost ZF2001 Boost CoronaVac 14 Healthcare workers 10,417
(81)7,496
(40)1.38 [*, *] ELISA Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost m-RNA-1273 Boost BNT162b2 28 Healthcare workers 4,379
(112)2,671
(111)40.95 [23.33, 71.78] Liaison SARS CoV-2 TrimericS IgG Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost Ad26.COV2.S Boost m-RNA-1273 28 Healthcare workers 403
(106)4,379
(112)3.76 [2.11, 6.69] Liaison SARS CoV-2 TrimericS IgG Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost Ad26.COV2.S Boost BNT162b2 28 Healthcare workers 403
(106)2,671
(111)3.76 [2.11, 6.69] Liaison SARS CoV-2 TrimericS IgG
Geometric mean titre neutralizing antibodies
Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2; GMT1: Geometric mean titre for intervention 1; GMT2: Geometric mean titre for intervention 2; N1GMR: Geometric mean ratioReference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
daysParticipants GMT Boost1 (N1) GMT Boost2 (N2) GMR [95% CI] Evaluated by Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Mok C K P, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost CoronaVac Boost BNT162b2 30 Adults 17
(40)207
(40)NR PRNT90 Al Kaabi N, 2022 Inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV Boost NVSI-06-07 (Interval 1-3 m) Boost BBIBP-CorV (Interval 1-3 m) 14 Adults 1,335
(267)296
(270)4.36 [3.70, 5.13] live-virus neutralization Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost BNT162b2 Boost CoronaVac 28 Healthy adults 4,326
(49)211
(46)21.5 [14.5, 31.9] Pseudovirus neutralisation titres Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost ChAdOx1 Boost CoronaVac 28 Healthy adults 2,137
(52)211
(46)10.6 [7.2, 15.6] Pseudovirus neutralisation titres Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost AD26.COV2-S Boost CoronaVac 28 Healthy adults 1,844
(47)211
(46)8.7 [5.9, 12.9] Pseudovirus neutralisation titres Nanthapisal S, 2022 Inactivated virus 2 doses of CoronaVac 21-28 days apart Boost ChAdOx1-S standard dose Boost ChAdOx1-S low-dose 14 Healthy adults 96
(207)97
(203)NR Surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) Shinkai M, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost S-268019-b Boost BNT162b2 14 Adults 128
(101)139
(101)1.14 [0.94, 1.39] Cytopathic effect-based virus neutralization test, LLOQ: 5 Li J, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored Boost Coronavac 14 Healthy adults 197
(96)34
(102)5.9 [4.5, 7.7] Cytopathic effect-based microneutralization assay- wild-type SARS-CoV-2 Li JX, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored high dose Boost CoronaVac 14 Healthy adults 714
(140)79
(140)9.09 [5.65, 14.76] CPE-based microneutralisation Li JX, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored low dose Boost CoronaVac 14 Healthy adults 744
(140)79
(140)9.48 [6.09, *] CPE-based microneutralisation Toledo-Romani ME, 2021 Protein subunit FR-1-50 mcg Boost FINLAY-FR-2 Boost FR-1 28 Healthy adults 33
(51)43
(55)NR Conventional virus neutralization test Cao Y, 2021 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost ZF2001 Boost CoronaVac 14 Healthcare workers 1,306
(81)794
(40)1.64 [1.09, 2.46] CPE Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost m-RNA-1273 Boost BNT162b2 28 Healthcare workers 2,007
(54)1,446
(53)27.49 [15.23, 49.60] PRNT Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost Ad26.COV2.S Boost m-RNA-1273 28 Healthcare workers 235
(50)2,007
(54)3.21 [1.74, 5.93] PRNT Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost Ad26.COV2.S Boost BNT162b2 28 Healthcare workers 235
(50)1,446
(53)3.21 [1.74, 5.93] PRNT - Safety
Serious adverse events
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 RR [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost BNT162b2 Boost CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 1 / 339 0 / 291 2.58
[0.11 - 62.99]Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost ChAdOx1 Boost CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 1 / 304 0 / 291 2.87
[0.12 - 70.22]Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost AD26.COV2-S Boost CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 3 / 305 0 / 291 6.68
[0.35 - 128.75]Intapiboon P, 2021 Inactivated virus CoronaVac CoronaVac 3mcg D0/14 CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 0 / 30 0 / 30 NR Intapiboon P, 2021 Inactivated virus CoronaVac CoronaVac 3mcg D0/14 CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 0 / 31 0 / 30 NR Munro APS, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 + boost BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Boost half dose m-RNA 1273 1.7 Healthy adults 1 / 39 0 / 39 3
[0.13 - 71.37]Munro APS, 2022 Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 + boost BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Boost half dose m-RNA 1273 1.7 Healthy adults 2 / 44 0 / 44 5
[0.25 - 101.12]Poh XY, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost mRNA-1273 Boost BNT162b2 28 Adults 0 / 48 0 / 50 NR Shinkai M, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost S-268019-b Boost BNT162b2 NR Adults 0 / 101 0 / 103 NR Li J, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored Boost Coronavac 1 Healthy adults 0 / 96 0 / 102 NR Li JX, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored high dose Boost CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 0 / 140 0 / 140 NR Li JX, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored low dose Boost CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 0 / 140 0 / 140 NR Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost m-RNA-1273 Boost BNT162b2 1 Healthcare workers 0 / 112 0 / 111 NR Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost Ad26.COV2.S Boost m-RNA-1273 1 Healthcare workers 0 / 106 0 / 112 NR Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost Ad26.COV2.S Boost BNT162b2 1 Healthcare workers 0 / 106 0 / 111 NR Reindl-Schwaighofer R, 2021 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 Boost BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 Boost Ad26COVS1 1 Kidney transplant recipients 2 / 99 3 / 99 0.67
[0.11 - 3.9]
All-cause mortality
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 RR [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Shinkai M, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost S-268019-b Boost BNT162b2 * Adults 0 / 101 0 / 103 NR Toledo-Romani ME, 2021 Protein subunit FR-1-50 mcg Boost FINLAY-FR-2 Boost FR-1 1 Healthy adults 0 / 55 0 / 58 NR Reindl-Schwaighofer R, 2021 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 Boost BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 Boost Ad26COVS1 3 Kidney transplant recipients 4 / 99 4 / 99 1
[0.26 - 3.88]
Search studies
| Trial | Type | Comparisons | Design | Participants | Sample size | Overall risk of bias Highest assessment |
Full description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention 1 | Intervention 2 | |||||||
|
NCT04636697 Medicago Inc Hager K, N Engl J Med, 2022 Full text Full text Commentary |
Virus-Like particle |
CoVLP 3.75mcg +AS03 D0/21 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Adults including elderly with and without comorbidities, with no previous history of virologically confirmed COVID-19, both seronegative and seropositive, at 85 centers in Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Mexico, the UK, and the USA. | N=24141 |
Some concerns Details |
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