COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness
(Randomized evidence)

Methods

Protocol

Latest news:Last search date July 30, 2023. No further screening is planned after this date. Extraction is ongoing for all pending studies.

A list of studies pending extraction is available here.

meta-COVID

Perform your own analysis using COVID-NMA data for prime vaccination (last search date 14/12/2022), create and download your forest plots by clicking below:

go to metacovid

Vaccine types

COVID-19 BOOSTER DOSE VACCINATION: updated daily

Vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of booster vs no booster (tables)

Vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of booster VS booster (tables)

COVID-19 PRIME VACCINATION: Last search date December 14, 2022.

Vaccine efficacy and safety for vaccine vs placebo / no vaccine (forest plots)

Vaccine efficacy and safety for vaccine vs vaccine (forest plots)

Vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of heterologous vs homologous vaccination (tables)

Vaccine efficacy and safety against variants of concern (forest plots)

Trials reports under extraction

In addition to the below included trials, we have included and presently extracting 12 new vaccine randomized trials

Description of primary studies

In this table, we report the main characteristics of the COVID-19 vaccine candidates from RCTs identified, in addition to the overall risk of bias assessment.

For prime vaccination, early phase trials were extracted only when the dose has been selected. Results from phase 1-2 studies are included in forest plots for the chosen vaccine dose and schedule only. List of early phases included but not extracted are detailed on here .

Search studies

Search by Vaccine name Author Registration number
Trial Type Comparisons Design Participants Sample size Overall risk
of bias
Highest assessment
Full description
Intervention 1 Intervention 2
NCT05249816
Novavax, Inc
Toback S, medRxiv, 2023

Full text
Commentary
Heterologous booster

2 or 3 doses of BBIBP-CorV/Boost NVX-CoV2373

2 or 3 doses of BBIBP-CorV/Boost BBIBP-CorV

RCT
Phase 3
Healthy adult volunteers who had received a complete 2 doses series of BBIBP-CorV vaccine with or without a a third dose booster of BBIBP-CorV vaccine in 2 centres in UAE N= 1000
Some concerns
Details

Full description

CTRI/2022/01/039366
Biological E Limited
Thuluva S, medRxiv, 2023 b

Full text
Commentary
Protein subunit

BBV152/Boost BECOV2

BBV152/Boost Placebo

RCT
Phase 3
Adults including elderly and co-morbidities in 7 centres in India. N= 208
Low
Details

Full description

NCT05204589
Institute of Biotechnology (Beijing, China); CanSino Biologics
Li X, SSRN, 2023

Full text
Commentary
Heterologous vaccination scheme

Any inactivated COVID-19 vaccine/Boost aerosolized Ad5-nCoV

Any inactivated COVID-19 vaccine/Boost homologous

RCT
Phase 3
Healthy adults with no history of COVID-19 in multiple centres in China. N= 420
Some concerns
Details

Full description

CTRI/2022/04/042017
Novavax
Kulkarni P, Research Square, 2023 a

Full text
Commentary
Heterologous booster

ChAdOx1/Boost SII-NVX-CoV2373

ChAdOx1 /Boost ChAdOx1

RCT
Phase 3
Adults including elderly and controlled co-morbidities,primed with viral vector and inactivated vaccines, with no history of COVID-19 in 8 centres in India. N= 186
Some concerns
Details

Full description

CTRI/2022/01/039366
Biological E Limited
Thuluva S, medRxiv, 2023 a

Full text
Commentary
Heterologous vaccination scheme

ChAdOx1/Boost BECOV2

ChadOx1/boostPlacebo

RCT
Phase 3
Adults including elderly and co-morbidities in 7 centres in India. N= 208
Low
Details

Full description

ChiCTR2100051391
Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy Enterprise Co., Ltd.
Xia N, Research Square, 2023

Full text
Commentary
Heterologous booster

Any COVID-19 vaccine/Boost dNS1-RBD

Any COVID-19 vaccine/Boost Placebo

RCT
Phase 3
Adultsincluding healthy and mild stable co-morbidities without prior COVID-19 history in 33 centres in Philippines, South Africa, Colombia and Vietnam N= 17210
Some concerns
Details

Full description

CTRI/2022/04/042017
Novavax; Bharat Biotech
Kulkarni P , Research Square, 2023 b

Full text
Commentary
Heterologous booster

BBV152/Boost SII-NVX-CoV2373

BBV152 Booster

RCT
Phase 3
Adults including elderly and controlled co-morbidities, primed with viral vector and inactivated vaccines, with no history of COVID-19 in 8 centres in India. N= 186
Some concerns
Details

Full description

jRCT2051210164
VLP Therapeutics Japan; Pfizer/BioNTech + Fosun Pharma
Akahata W , SSRN, 2023 b

Full text
Full text
Commentary
Commentary
saRNA based vaccine

BNT162b2/Boost VLPCOV-01 0.3 mcg

BNT162b2/Boost VLPCOV-01 1 mcg

BNT162b2/Boost VLPCOV-01 3 mcg

BNT162b2/boostBNT

RCT
Phase 1
Healthy adults, ≥65 years years of age, SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in a single centre in Japan. N= 46
Some concerns
Details

Full description

jRCT2051210164
VLP Therapeutics Japan; Pfizer/BioNTech + Fosun Pharma
Akahata W, SSRN, 2023 a

Full text
Full text
Commentary
Commentary
saRNA based vaccine

BNT162b2/Boost VLPCOV-01 0.3 mcg

BNT162b2/Boost VLPCOV-01 1 mcg

BNT162b2/Boost VLPCOV-01 3 mcg

BNT162b2/boostBNT

RCT
Phase 1
Healthy adults, 18 to 55 years of age, SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in a single centre in Japan. N= 46
Some concerns
Details

Full description

NCT05583357
Livzon Pharmaceutical Group Inc
He Q, J. Clin. Med., 2022 a

Full text
Commentary
Protein subunit

Any inactivated COVID-19 vaccine/Boost inactivated COVID-19 vaccine/Boost V-01D-351

Any inactivated COVID-19 vaccine/Boost inactivated COVID-19 vaccine/Boost CoronaVac

RCT
Phase 1
Healthy adults with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 3 doses of CoronaVac or BBIBP-CorV in one centre in China N= 20
Some concerns
Details

Full description