COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness
(Randomized evidence)
Methods
Analyses are updated every two weeks
meta-COVID
Perform your own analysis using COVID-NMA data, create and download your forest plots by clicking below:
Vaccine types
Vaccine efficacy and safety for vaccine vs placebo / no vaccine (forest plots)
Overall efficacy and safety of all vaccines vs placebo - Charts (Last update:2022-04-14)
- Forest plots (last update: 2021-11-19)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2022-08-04)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2022-07-07)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2022-03-18)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2022-08-04)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2022-07-07)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2022-08-04)
- Studies included
Vaccine effectiveness over time
RNA based vaccine
Non replicating viral vector
Inactivated virus
Protein subunit
Virus-Like particle
DNA based vaccine
Vaccine efficacy and safety for vaccine vs vaccine (forest plots)
- BECOV2 vs ChAdOx1 - Forest plots (last update: 2022-06-25)
- BNT162b2 vs mRNA-1273 - Forest plots (last update: 2022-06-25)
- SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vs ChAdOx1 - Forest plots (last update: 2021-11-26)
- VLA2001 vs ChAdOx1 - Forest plots (last update: 2022-08-08)
Vaccine efficacy and safety against variants of concern (forest plots)
Vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of heterologous vs homologous vaccination (tables)
- Immunogenicity
Geometric mean titre specific antibodies
N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2; GMT1: Geometric mean titre for intervention 1; GMT2: Geometric mean titre for intervention 2Reference Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
daysParticipants GMT1(N1) GMT2(N2) GMR [95% CI] Evaluated by Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Liu X, 2021 1 dose ChAdOx1/ 1 dose BNT162b2 2 doses ChAdOx1 28 Adults 12,995
(108)1,387
(105)9.3 [7.7, 11] SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG, ELISA -ELU/mL Liu X, 2021 1 dose BNT162b2 /1 dose ChAdOx1 2 doses BNT162b2 28 Adults 7,133
(109)13,938
(110)0.51 [0.41, 0.6] SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike IgG, ELISA -ELU/mL Li J, 2022 1 dose CoronaVac / 1 dose Ad5-vectored 2 doses CoronaVac 14 Healthy adults 942
(51)154
(50)NR RBD-specific IgG ELISA Janssen C, 2022 1 dose BNT162b2/1 dose mRNA-1273 2 doses BNT162b2 28 Adults 3,706
(96)2,698
(94)1.37 [1.10, 1.72] ELISA Janssen C, 2022 1 dose mRNA-1273 /1 dose BNT162b2 2 doses mRNA-1273 28 Adults 2,690
(103)3,995
(97)0.67 [0.55, 0.82] ELISA
Geometric mean titre neutralizing antibodies
N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2; GMT1: Geometric mean titre for intervention 1; GMT2: Geometric mean titre for intervention 2Reference Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
daysParticipants GMT1(N1) GMT2(N2) GMR [95% CI] Evaluated by Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Liu X, 2021 1 dose ChAdOx1/ 1 dose BNT162b2 2 doses ChAdOx1 28 Adults 515
(101)61
(101)8.5 [6.5, 11] Pseudotype virus neutralising antibody, NT50 Liu X, 2021 1 dose BNT162b2 /1 dose ChAdOx1 2 doses BNT162b2 28 Adults 383
(104)574
(102)0.67 [0.51, 0.88] Pseudotype virus neutralising antibody, NT50 Li J, 2022 1 dose CoronaVac / 1 dose Ad5-vectored 2 doses CoronaVac 14 Healthy adults 54
(51)13
(50)4.3 [2.5, 7.3] CPE-based microneutralization assay-wild-type Janssen C, 2022 1 dose BNT162b2/1 dose mRNA-1273 2 doses BNT162b2 28 Adults 523
(96)396
(94)NR CPE (cytopathic effect)-based virus neutralization test (VNT) - Safety
Serious adverse events
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 RR [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Liu X, 2021 1 dose ChAdOx1/ 1 dose BNT162b2 2 doses ChAdOx1 NR Adults 0 / 114 1 / 115 0.34
[0.01 - 8.17]Liu X, 2021 1 dose BNT162b2 /1 dose ChAdOx1 2 doses BNT162b2 NR Adults 0 / 115 0 / 119 NR Li J, 2022 1 dose CoronaVac / 1 dose Ad5-vectored 2 doses CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 0 / 51 0 / 50 NR Janssen C, 2022 1 dose BNT162b2/1 dose mRNA-1273 2 doses BNT162b2 0.9 Adults 0 / 102 0 / 101 NR Janssen C, 2022 1 dose mRNA-1273 /1 dose BNT162b2 2 doses mRNA-1273 0.9 Adults 0 / 106 0 / 105 NR Macchia A, 2022 Gam-COVID-Vac rAd26-S Gam-COVID-Vac rAd26-S/BBIBP-CorV 1 Adults 0 / 87 0 / 65 NR Stuart A, 2021 a 1 dose ChAdOx1 followed by 1 dose NVX-CoV2373 2 doses ChAdOx1 NR Older adults 1 / 179 3 / 180 0.34
[0.04 - 3.19]Stuart A, 2021 a 1 dose ChAdOx1 followed by 1 dose mRNA-1273 2 doses ChAdOx1 NR Older adults 3 / 181 3 / 180 0.99
[0.2 - 4.86]Stuart A, 2021 b 1 dose BNT162b2 followed by 1 dose NVX-CoV2373 2 doses BNT162b2 NR Older adults 3 / 180 2 / 175 1.46
[0.25 - 8.62]Stuart A, 2021 b 1 dose BNT162b2 followed by 1 dose mRNA-1273 2 doses BNT162b2 NR Older adults 3 / 177 2 / 175 1.48
[0.25 - 8.77]
Vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of booster vs no booster (tables)
- Efficacy
Severe or critical COVID-19 after complete vaccination
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 Vaccine efficacy [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Toledo-Romani ME, 2021 Protein subunit FINLAY-FR-2-25 mcg Boost FINLAY-FR-1-50 mcg Placebo 1.7 Adults 0 / 13883 6 / 14303 100.0
[*, *]
Confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 after complete vaccination
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 VE [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Moreira E D, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 2.5 Adults and adolescents 6 / 4695 123 / 4671 95.3
[89.5, 98.3]Toledo-Romani ME, 2021 Protein subunit FINLAY-FR-2-25 mcg Boost FINLAY-FR-1-50 mcg Placebo 1.7 Adults 15 / 13883 155 / 14303 92.4
[86.9, 95.6]Xuan-Yi Wang, 2022 Inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac Boost V-01 Placebo 2 Healthy adults 38 / 4935 72 / 4934 47.8
[22.6, 64.7] - Immunogenicity
Geometric mean titre specific antibodies
Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2; GMT1: Geometric mean titre for intervention 1; GMT2: Geometric mean titre for intervention 2; N1GMR: Geometric mean ratioReference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
daysParticipants GMT1(N1) GMT2(N2) GMR [95% CI] Evaluated by Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Vadrevu KM, 2022 Inactivated virus BBV152 Boost BBV152 Placebo 28 Adolescents and adults 11,119
(80)7,109
(87)NR ELISA Hall VG, 2021 RNA based vaccine mRNA-1273 Boost mRNA-1273 Placebo 28 Transplant recipients 3,145
(60)86
(57)36.5 [ 12.9, 94] Roche Elecsys
Geometric mean titre neutralizing antibodies
Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2; GMT1: Geometric mean titre for intervention 1; GMT2: Geometric mean titre for intervention 2; N1GMR: Geometric mean ratioReference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
daysParticipants GMT1(N1) GMT2(N2) GMR [95% CI] Evaluated by Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Vadrevu KM, 2022 Inactivated virus BBV152 Boost BBV152 Placebo 28 Adolescents and adults 746
(80)101
(87)NR PRNT Munro A, 2021 f RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost mRNA1273 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 2,019
(91)175
(98)12.04 [9.95, 14.58] PNA Munro A, 2021 f RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost CVnCov Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 487
(91)175
(98)2.57 [2.13, 3.12] PNA Munro A, 2021 f RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 half dose Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1,339
(92)175
(98)6.91 [5.70, 8.37] PNA Munro A, 2021 b RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost ChadOx1 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 950
(98)157
(111)6.01 [4.87, 7.41] PNA Munro A, 2021 b RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost Novavax Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 766
(94)157
(111)5.39 [4.35, 6.67] PNA Munro A, 2021 b RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost Novavax half dose Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 606
(89)157
(111)3.50 [2.81, 4.36] PNA Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1,789
(95)205
(93)8.35 [6.88, 10.14] PNA Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost VLA2001 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 289
(91)205
(93)1.38 [1.14, 1.68] PNA Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost VLA2001 half dose Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 234
(87)205
(93)1.22 [1.00, 1.49] PNA Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost Ad26.COV2.S Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1,441
(75)205
(93)7.84 [6.37, 9.64] PNA Munro A, 2021 e Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost mRNA1273 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 2,368
(97)80
(101)26.98 [21.88, 33.26] PNA Munro A, 2021 e Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost CVnCov Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 373
(99)80
(101)5.06 [4.11, 6.23] PNA Munro A, 2021 e Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost BNT162b2 half dose Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1,344
(103)80
(101)15.14 [12.32, 18.60] PNA Munro A , 2021 a Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost ChadOx1 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 193
(98)85
(90)2.47 [1.96, 3.11] PNA Munro A , 2021 a Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost Novavax Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 727
(87)85
(90)8.86 [7.00, 11.22] PNA Munro A , 2021 a Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost Novavax half dose Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 470
(86)85
(90)5.89 [4.64, 7.46] PNA Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1,621
(93)70
(91)21.58 [16.93, 27.51] PNA Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost VLA2001 Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 202
(89)70
(91)2.68 [2.10, 3.43] PNA Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost VLA2001 half dose Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 147
(95)70
(91)2.01 [1.57, 2.55] PNA Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost Ad26.COV2.S Placebo 28 Adults, elderly, health care workers 563
(95)70
(91)6.85 [5.37, 8.73] PNA Xuan-Yi Wang, 2022 Inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac Boost V-01 Placebo 14 Healthy adults 1,453
(199)157
(221)NR Live SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assay. A CPE assay was used to determine the 50% neutralization titer to live SARS-CoV-2. The neutralizing titer was set as the dilution number of the 50% protective condition using the Reed and Muench method. The neutralizing activity against ancestral strain was quantified by micro-dose cytopathogenic effect assays, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10. Neutralizing activity against ancestral strain was quantified at the Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences by conducting micro-dose cytopathogenic effect assays, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10. - Safety
Serious adverse events
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 RR [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Vadrevu KM, 2022 Inactivated virus BBV152 Boost BBV152 Placebo 1 Adolescents and adults 0 / 80 0 / 87 NR Moreira E D, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 2.5 Adults and adolescents 16 / 5055 24 / 5020 0.66
[0.35 - 1.24]Munro A, 2021 f RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost mRNA1273 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 110 0 / 112 NR Munro A, 2021 f RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost CVnCov Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 106 0 / 112 3.17
[0.13 - 76.94]Munro A, 2021 f RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 half dose Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 110 0 / 112 NR Munro A, 2021 b RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost ChadOx1 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 109 1 / 118 0.36
[0.01 - 8.76]Munro A, 2021 b RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost Novavax Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 114 1 / 118 1.04
[0.07 - 16.35]Munro A, 2021 b RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost Novavax half dose Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 2 / 112 1 / 118 2.11
[0.19 - 22.91]Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 109 0 / 109 3
[0.12 - 72.84]Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost VLA2001 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 110 0 / 109 NR Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost VLA2001 half dose Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 110 0 / 109 2.97
[0.12 - 72.18]Munro A, 2021 d RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost Ad26.COV2.S Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 106 0 / 109 NR Munro A, 2021 e Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost mRNA1273 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 112 0 / 114 3.05
[0.13 - 74.16]Munro A, 2021 e Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost CVnCov Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 119 0 / 114 NR Munro A, 2021 e Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost BNT162b2 half dose Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 116 0 / 114 NR Munro A , 2021 a Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost ChadOx1 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 111 0 / 109 2.95
[0.12 - 71.54]Munro A , 2021 a Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost Novavax Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 115 0 / 109 NR Munro A , 2021 a Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost Novavax half dose Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 108 0 / 109 NR Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 106 1 / 105 0.33
[0.01 - 8.01]Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost VLA2001 Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 3 / 109 1 / 105 2.89
[0.31 - 27.34]Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost VLA2001 half dose Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 0 / 111 1 / 105 0.32
[0.01 - 7.66]Munro A, 2021 c Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 Boost Ad26.COV2.S Placebo 2.7 Adults, elderly, health care workers 1 / 108 1 / 105 0.97
[0.06 - 15.34]Xuan-Yi Wang, 2022 Inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac Boost V-01 Placebo NR Healthy adults 6 / 5108 8 / 5110 0.75
[0.26 - 2.16]
All-cause mortality
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 RR [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Vadrevu KM, 2022 Inactivated virus BBV152 Boost BBV152 Placebo 1 Adolescents and adults 0 / 80 0 / 87 NR Toledo-Romani ME, 2021 Protein subunit FINLAY-FR-2-25 mcg Boost FINLAY-FR-1-50 mcg Placebo 5.2 Adults 11 / 13883 24 / 14303 0.47
[0.23 - 0.96]Moreira E D, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Placebo 2.5 Adults and adolescents 0 / 5055 1 / 5020 0.33
[0.01 - 8.12]Xuan-Yi Wang, 2022 Inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV or CoronaVac Boost V-01 Placebo 2 Healthy adults 0 / 5108 0 / 5110 NR
Vaccine efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of booster VS booster (tables)
- Immunogenicity
Geometric mean titre specific antibodies
Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2; GMT1: Geometric mean titre for intervention 1; GMT2: Geometric mean titre for intervention 2; N1GMR: Geometric mean ratioReference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
daysParticipants GMT Boost1 (N1) GMT Boost2 (N2) GMR [95% CI] Evaluated by Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost m-RNA-1273 Boost BNT162b2 28 Healthcare workers 4,379
(112)2,671
(111)NR Liaison SARS CoV-2 TrimericS IgG Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost Ad26.COV2.S Boost m-RNA-1273 28 Healthcare workers 403
(106)4,379
(112)NR Liaison SARS CoV-2 TrimericS IgG Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost Ad26.COV2.S Boost BNT162b2 28 Healthcare workers 403
(106)2,671
(111)NR Liaison SARS CoV-2 TrimericS IgG Cao Y, 2021 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost ZF2001 Boost CoronaVac 14 Healthcare workers 10,417
(81)7,496
(40)NR ELISA Li J, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored Boost Coronavac 14 Healthy adults 3,090
(96)369
(102)NR RBD-specific IgG ELISA Li JX, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored high dose Boost CoronaVac 14 Healthy adults 6,175
(140)670
(140)NR ELISA Li JX, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored low dose Boost CoronaVac 14 Healthy adults 4,625
(140)670
(140)NR ELISA Al Kaabi N, 2022 Inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV Boost NVSI-06-07 (Interval 1-3 m) Boost BBIBP-CorV (Interval 1-3 m) 14 Adults 0
(267)0
(270)NR ELISA Shinkai M, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost S-268019-b Boost BNT162b2 28 Adults 48,465
(101)55,215
(101)NR ELISA anti-spike IgG, LLOQ: 100 Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost BNT162b2 Boost CoronaVac 28 Healthy adults 674,267
(333)48,405
(281)13.4 [11.6, 15.3] multiplex immunoassay Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost ChAdOx1 Boost CoronaVac 28 Healthy adults 335,213
(296)48,405
(281)7.0 [6.1, 8.1] multiplex immunoassay Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost AD26.COV2-S Boost CoronaVac 28 Healthy adults 336,851
(294)48,405
(281)6.7 [5.8, 7.7] multiplex immunoassay Nanthapisal S, 2022 Inactivated virus 2 doses of CoronaVac 21-28 days apart Boost ChAdOx1-S standard dose Boost ChAdOx1-S low-dose 14 Healthy adults 1,975
(209)1,664
(209)NR ELISA Toledo-Romani ME, 2021 Protein subunit FR-1-50 mcg Boost FINLAY-FR-2 Boost FR-1 14 Healthy adults 72
(51)99
(58)NR ELISA
Geometric mean titre neutralizing antibodies
Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2; GMT1: Geometric mean titre for intervention 1; GMT2: Geometric mean titre for intervention 2; N1GMR: Geometric mean ratioReference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
daysParticipants GMT Boost1 (N1) GMT Boost2 (N2) GMR [95% CI] Evaluated by Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost m-RNA-1273 Boost BNT162b2 28 Healthcare workers 2,007
(54)1,446
(53)NR PRNT Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost Ad26.COV2.S Boost m-RNA-1273 28 Healthcare workers 235
(50)2,007
(54)NR PRNT Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost Ad26.COV2.S Boost BNT162b2 28 Healthcare workers 235
(50)1,446
(53)NR PRNT Cao Y, 2021 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost ZF2001 Boost CoronaVac 14 Healthcare workers 1,306
(81)794
(40)NR CPE Li J, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored Boost Coronavac 14 Healthy adults 197
(96)34
(102)5.9 [4.5, 7.7] Cytopathic effect-based microneutralization assay- wild-type SARS-CoV-2 Mok C K P, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost CoronaVac Boost BNT162b2 30 Adults 17
(40)207
(40)NR PRNT90 Li JX, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored high dose Boost CoronaVac 14 Healthy adults 714
(140)79
(140)NR CPE-based microneutralisation Li JX, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored low dose Boost CoronaVac 14 Healthy adults 744
(140)79
(140)NR CPE-based microneutralisation Al Kaabi N, 2022 Inactivated virus BBIBP-CorV Boost NVSI-06-07 (Interval 1-3 m) Boost BBIBP-CorV (Interval 1-3 m) 14 Adults 1,335
(267)296
(270)4.36 [3.70, 5.13] live-virus neutralization Shinkai M, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost S-268019-b Boost BNT162b2 14 Adults 128
(101)139
(101)1.14 [0.94, 1.39] Cytopathic effect-based virus neutralization test, LLOQ: 5 Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost BNT162b2 Boost CoronaVac 28 Healthy adults 4,326
(49)211
(46)21.5 [14.5, 31.9] Pseudovirus neutralisation titres Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost ChAdOx1 Boost CoronaVac 28 Healthy adults 2,137
(52)211
(46)10.6 [7.2, 15.6] Pseudovirus neutralisation titres Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost AD26.COV2-S Boost CoronaVac 28 Healthy adults 1,844
(47)211
(46)8.7 [5.9, 12.9] Pseudovirus neutralisation titres Nanthapisal S, 2022 Inactivated virus 2 doses of CoronaVac 21-28 days apart Boost ChAdOx1-S standard dose Boost ChAdOx1-S low-dose 14 Healthy adults 96
(207)97
(203)NR Surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) Toledo-Romani ME, 2021 Protein subunit FR-1-50 mcg Boost FINLAY-FR-2 Boost FR-1 28 Healthy adults 33
(51)43
(55)NR Conventional virus neutralization test - Safety
Serious adverse events
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 RR [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost m-RNA-1273 Boost BNT162b2 1 Healthcare workers 0 / 112 0 / 111 NR Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost Ad26.COV2.S Boost m-RNA-1273 1 Healthcare workers 0 / 106 0 / 112 NR Sablerolles R, 2022 Non replicating viral vector Ad26.COV2.S Boost Ad26.COV2.S Boost BNT162b2 1 Healthcare workers 0 / 106 0 / 111 NR Li J, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored Boost Coronavac 1 Healthy adults 0 / 96 0 / 102 NR Li JX, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored high dose Boost CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 0 / 140 0 / 140 NR Li JX, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost Ad5-vectored low dose Boost CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 0 / 140 0 / 140 NR Shinkai M, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost S-268019-b Boost BNT162b2 NR Adults 0 / 101 0 / 103 NR Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost BNT162b2 Boost CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 1 / 339 0 / 291 2.58
[0.11 - 62.99]Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost ChAdOx1 Boost CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 1 / 304 0 / 291 2.87
[0.12 - 70.22]Costa Clemens SA, 2022 Inactivated virus CoronaVac Boost AD26.COV2-S Boost CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 3 / 305 0 / 291 6.68
[0.35 - 128.75]Intapiboon P, 2021 Inactivated virus CoronaVac CoronaVac 3mcg D0/14 CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 0 / 30 0 / 30 NR Intapiboon P, 2021 Inactivated virus CoronaVac CoronaVac 3mcg D0/14 CoronaVac 1 Healthy adults 0 / 31 0 / 30 NR Munro APS, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 + boost BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Boost half dose m-RNA 1273 1.7 Healthy adults 1 / 39 0 / 39 3
[0.13 - 71.37]Munro APS, 2022 Non replicating viral vector ChadOx1 + boost BNT162b2 Boost BNT162b2 Boost half dose m-RNA 1273 1.7 Healthy adults 2 / 44 0 / 44 5
[0.25 - 101.12]Poh XY, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost mRNA-1273 Boost BNT162b2 28 Adults 0 / 48 0 / 50 NR Reindl-Schwaighofer R, 2021 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 Boost BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 Boost Ad26COVS1 1 Kidney transplant recipients 2 / 99 3 / 99 0.67
[0.11 - 3.9]
All-cause mortality
r1: Number of events in intervention 1, r2: Number of events in intervention 2, N1: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 1; N2: Number of patients analyzed in intervention 2.Reference Type of prime vaccination Prime schedule Intervention 1 Intervention 2 Follow up
monthsParticipants r1/N1 r2/N2 RR [95% CI] Risk of bias A B C D E Overall Shinkai M, 2022 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 Boost S-268019-b Boost BNT162b2 * Adults 0 / 101 0 / 103 NR Toledo-Romani ME, 2021 Protein subunit FR-1-50 mcg Boost FINLAY-FR-2 Boost FR-1 1 Healthy adults 0 / 55 0 / 58 NR Reindl-Schwaighofer R, 2021 RNA based vaccine BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 Boost BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 Boost Ad26COVS1 1 Kidney transplant recipients 0 / 99 1 / 99 0.33
[0.01 - 8.08]
Search studies
| Trial | Type | Comparisons | Design | Participants | Sample size | Overall risk of bias Highest assessment |
Full description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention 1 | Intervention 2 | |||||||
|
CTRI/2021/01/030416 Zydus Cadila Khobragade A, Lancet , 2022 Full text Commentary |
DNA based vaccine |
ZyCoV-D 2mg D0/28/56 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthy adults and adolescents aged (≥12 years) with no previous history of COVID-19 at 49 centers in India. | N=27703 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04642638 Inovio Pharmaceuticals Mammen Jr M, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
DNA based vaccine |
INO-4800 1mg INO-4800 2mg |
Placebo 1 Placebo 2 |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adult volunteers SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at high risk of infection at 16 locations in the USA. | N=201 |
Some concerns Details |
|