COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness
(Randomized evidence)
Analyses are updated every Friday
Variants of concern
Vaccine types
Overall effectiveness and safety of all vaccines vs placebo (Last update:2021-11-19)
- Forest plots (last update: 2021-11-19)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2021-11-26)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2021-12-01)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2021-12-02)
- Studies included
- Forest plots (last update: 2021-12-01)
- Studies included
- BNT162b2 primed with ChAdOx1-S vs Placebo - Forest plots (last update: 2021-08-11)
- BNT162b2 primed with ChAdOx1-S vs ChAdOx1-S - Forest plots (last update: 2021-11-26)
- ChAdOx1-S primed with BNT162b2 vs BNT162b2 - Forest plots (last update: 2021-11-26)
- Forest plots (last update: 2021-11-26)
- Studies included
- SII-ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vs ChAdOx1 - Forest plots (last update: 2021-11-26)
Vaccine effectiveness over time
RNA based vaccine
Non replicating viral vector
Inactivated virus
Protein subunit
Heterologous
Booster
Vaccine efficacy and safety between different vaccines
Trials reports under extraction
In addition to the below included trials, we have included and presently extracting 2 new vaccine randomized trials:
| Toledo-Romani ME, medrxiv, 2021(2) | Safety and Immunogenicity of anti-SARS CoV-2 vaccine SOBERANA 02 in homologous or heterologous scheme |
| Walter E, N Engl J Med, 2021 | Evaluation of the BNT162b2 Covid-19 Vaccine in Children 5 to 11 Years of Age |
Description of primary studies
In this table, we report the main characteristics of the COVID-19 vaccine candidates from RCTs identified, in addition to the overall risk of bias assessment.
For phase 1-2 studies, we report on the general charecteristics and assess the risk of Bias for safety outcomes only. Results from phase1-2 studies are included in forest plots for the chosen vaccine dose and schedule.
The evidence synthesis with forest plots and summary of findings table and evidence profile are provided for the chosen vaccine schedule with results collected from relevant phase 1, 2 and 3 studies.
Results for each vaccine comparisons are the summary of evidence from the latest study report results.
| Trial | Type | Comparisons | Design | Participants | Sample size | Overall risk of bias Highest assessment |
Full description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention 1 | Intervention 2 | |||||||
|
NCT04510207, ChiCTR2000034780 Sinopharm - China National Biotec Group Company Limited Al Kaabi N, JAMA, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
WIV04 HBO2 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthy adults free of known COVID-19 or HIV infection at 3 centres in United Arab Emirates and Bahrain | N=40411 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04649151 ModernaTX Ali K, N Engl J Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
mRNA-1273 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2-3 | Healthy adolescents in 26 centers in the USA | N=3732 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04568031 AstraZeneca+University of Oxford Asano M, Int J Infect Dis, 2021 Full text (21)00818-3/fulltextCommentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1-2 | Adults with or without mild, well-controlled co-morbidities seronegative and PCR negative to SARS-CoV-2 at 5 centres in Japan | N=256 |
Low Details |
|
|
EudraCT 2021-002348-57 Pfizer-BioNTech; Moderna; Oxford-AstraZeneca Bonelli M, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 booster |
BNT or mRNA booster |
RCT* | Adults under current rituximab therapy who did not develop humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 after their standard vaccination with Biontech/Pfizer or Moderna in a single center in Austria | N=60 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04860739, EudraCT2021-001978-37 Pfizer/BioNTech+Fosun Pharma Borobia A M, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
ChAd/BNT |
No vaccine |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy, or clinically stable, adults (aged ≥18 and ≤60) that were SARS-COV-2 infection free and who had received a prime ChAdOx1-S vaccination between 8 and 12 weeks before the screening visit in 5 centers in Spain. | N=676 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04651790 Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd Bueno S, Clin Infect Dis, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Adult healthcare workers with no history of confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection who were in contact with possible or confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 8 sites in Chile. | N=434 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04495933 The University of Queensland; Syneos Health; CSIRO Manufacturing; Seqirus; Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations Chappell K, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
SARS-CoV-2 Sclamp 5-mcg D SARS-CoV-2 Sclamp 15-mcg SARS-CoV-2 Sclamp 45-mcg SARS-CoV-2 Sclamp 45-mcg |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 infection-free adults aged 18-55 at one center in Australia. | N=120 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04412538 Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS). Che Y, Clin Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
KMS-1 100 EU D0/14 KMS-1 150 EU D0/14 KMS-1 100 EU D0/28 KMS-1 150 EU D0/28 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/DNA negative adults in two centres in China | N=750 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
ISRCTN89951424 AstraZeneca+University of Oxford Clemens S, Nat. Commun., 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 |
MenACWY |
RCTPhase 3 | Adults that were SARS-CoV-2 seronegative and with no history of COVID-19 in six centers in Brazil. | N=10416 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04611802 Novavax Dunkle L M, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Protein subunit |
NVX-CoV2373 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthy adults in 113 sites in the USA and 6 in Mexico | N=29949 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04470427 ModernaTX El Sahly HM, N Engl J Med, 2021 COVE Full text Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
mRNA-1273 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthy adults with no known history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 99 centers in the US | N=30415 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04471519 Bharat Biotech Ella R(1), Lancet Infect Dis, 2021 Updated Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
BBV152 3mcg + Algel-IMDG BBV152 BBV152 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/PCR negative adults in 11 centres in India | N=375 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04471519 Bharat Biotech Ella R(2), Lancet Infect Dis, 2021 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
BBV152 |
3mcg BBV152 + Algel-IMDG |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults (<65 yo) and children (≥12 yo)volunteers, SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in 9 centres in India | N=380 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04641481 Bharat Biotech Ella R(3), medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
BBV152 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Adults with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection who were healthy or had stable chronic medical conditions at 25 centers in India | N=25778 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04400838 AstraZeneca + University of Oxford Emary K, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 |
MenACWY |
RCTPhase 2-3 | Adults seronegative at baseline enrolled at 19 study sites in UK | N=10673 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04508075 ; INA-WXFM0YX Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd Fadlyana E, Vaccine, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthy adults aged 18 - 59 years, seropositive and seronegative, at a single center in Indonesia | N=1620 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04516746 AstraZeneca+University of Oxford Falsey A, N Engl J Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Adults (22% over 65 years) at high risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2 and populations at increased risk for Covid-19 complications at 88 sites in USA, Chile, and Peru | N=32451 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
ChiCTR2100041705, ChiCTR2100041706 Sinopharm + China National Biotec Group + Beijing Institute of Biological Products Feng Y, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
BBIBP-CorV D0/14 BBIBP-CorV D0/21 |
BBIBP-CorV D0/28 |
RCT* | Healthy adults from high-risk occupational population at a single center in China | N=809 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04324606; ISRCTN15281137 AstraZeneca+University of Oxford Folegatti PM, Lancet, 2020 COV001 Full text Commentary ; Commentary (20)31611-1/fulltext |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 SD |
MenACWY |
RCTPhase 1 - 2 | Healthy adults with no history of laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or of COVID-19-like symptoms in five centres in the UK | N=1067 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04368988 Novavax Formica N, PLoS Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
NVX-CoV2373 NVX-CoV2373 5mcg D0 25mcg NVX-CoV2373 D0/D21 25mcg NVX-CoV2373 D0 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults (stable comorbidities and confirmed COVID-19 with mild symptoms permitted) aged 18-84 years at 17 centers in Australia and USA | N=1288 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04368728 Pfizer/BioNTech+Fosun Pharma Frenck R, N Engl J Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
BNT162b2 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Adolescents aged 12 to 15 years with no previous Covid-19 diagnosis or SARS-CoV-2 infection in 29 centers in the USA | N=2264 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04636697 Medicago Inc Gobeil P, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Full text Commentary Commentary |
Virus-Like particle (VLP) |
CoVLP 3.75mcg +AS03 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults, adults with comorbidities, non-institutionalized older adults (seronegative and seropositive) in multiple centers in Canada and the USA | N=753 | N/A | |
|
NCT04537208 Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline Goepfert P, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
CoV2 preS dTM LD + AFO3 CoV2 preS dTM LD + ASO3 CoV2 preS dTM HD + AFO3 CoV2 preS dTM HD + ASO3 CoV2 preS dTM HD |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1-2 | Health adults aged 18 years and older and SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in 10 centres in the USA. | N=271 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
ChiCTR2000031809 Sinopharm-Wuhan Guo W, EClinicalMedicine, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
Inactivate 5 mcg D0/21 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1-2 | Healthy adults with no history of COVID-19 at 5 centers in China. | N=1120 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04885907 ModernaTX Hall VG, N Engl J Med, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
mRNA-1273 boost |
mRNA-1273/Placebo |
RCTPhase 4 | Solid organ transplant recipients with no previous diagnosis of COVID-19 who has previously received two doses of mRNA-1273 at a single center in Canada | N=120 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04551547 Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd Han B, SSRN, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac 1.5 mcg D0/28 Placebo |
CoronaVac |
RCTPhase 1/2 | Healthy children and adolescents aged 3-17 years with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a single centre in China. | N=552 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04583995; EudraCT 2020-004123-16 Novavax Heath P, N Engl J Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
NVX-CoV2373 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Adults 18 to 84 years old who were healthy or had stable chronic medical conditions with no history of COVID-19 at 33 centres in the UK. | N=15187 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04695652 Medigen Vaccine Biologics+Dynavax+NIAID Hsieh SM, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
MVC-COV1901 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults and adults with stable pre-existing medical conditions at 11 centers in Taiwan. | N=3854 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04368988 Novavax Keech C, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
25mcg NVX-D0/21 NVX-CoV2373 25mcg NVX/M1-D0/21 25mcg NVX/M1+Placebo-D0/2 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy adult volunteers, SARS-CoV-2 infection-free and no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in two centres in Australia. | N=134 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04652102; EudraCT 2020-003998-22 CureVac AG Kremsner P, SSRN, 2021 HERALD Full text Commentary Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
CVnCoV |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2-3 | Adults with no history of COVID-19 in 47 centers in Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain, Argentina, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Panama and Peru | N=39529 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
CTRI/2020/08/027170 Serum Institute of India/AstraZeneca+University of Oxford Kulkarni P, SSRN, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
SII-ChAdOx1 |
ChAdOx1 |
RCTPhase 2-3 | Adults (seronegative and seropositive) without a history of COVID and not immunocompromised at 14 centers in India | N=401 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
CTRI/2020/08/027170 Serum Institute of India/AstraZeneca+University of Oxford Kulkarni P(1), SSRN, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
SII-ChAdOx1 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2-3 | Adults (seronegative and seropositive)without a history of COVID and not immunocompromised at 14 centers in India | N=1200 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04671017; ISRCTN 82411169 Valneva Austria GmbH + National Institute for Health Research, UK Lazarus R, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
VL A2001 3AU VL A2001 3AU |
VL A2001 35AU VL A2001 7AU |
RCTPhase 1-2 | Healthy adult volunteers aged 18-55 at 4 centers in the UK | N=153 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
ChiCTR2000034825 ; NCT04523571 BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals Li J, Nature Medicine, 2021 Full text Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
BNT162b1 10 mcg |
BNT162b1 10 mcg |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy young adults between 18 and 55 years of age, and older adults between 65 and 85 that were SARS-COVID-2 infection-free at a single center in China. | N=144 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04892459 Sinovac Research and Development Co Ltd + CanSino Biological Inc / Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Li J(1), medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
CoronaVac/boost Ad5 |
CoronaVac/boost |
RCTPhase 4 | Healthy adults with no previous clinical or virologic COVID-19 diagnosis or SARS-CoV-2 infection at one centre in China | N=200 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04892459 Sinovac Research and Development Co Ltd + CanSino Biological Inc / Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Li J(2), medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
CoronaVac/Ad5 |
CoronaVac |
RCTPhase 4 | Healthy adults with no previous clinical or virologic COVID-19 diagnosis or SARS-CoV-2 infection at one centre in China | N=100 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04383574 Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd Li M, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults aged ≥60 years with no known history of COVID-19 or recent exposure in a single center in China. | N=350 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
ChiCTR2100045108 Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Liao Y, Emerg Microbes Infec, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
V-01 10 mcg V-01 25 mcg V-01 50 mcg |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy seronegative adults with no history of COVID-19 in a single center in China | N=180 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
ISRCTN69254139, EudraCT: 2020-005085-33 AstraZeneca+University of Oxford; Pfizer/BioNTech+Fosun Pharma Liu X, Lancet, 2021 Com-COV Full text Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
ChAd/ChAd BNT/BNT |
ChAd/BNT BNT/ChAd |
RCTPhase 2 | Adults 50 years or older with no previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, no or well-controlled mild-moderate comorbidities and HIV-negative in 8 centers in the UK | N=463 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04530396 Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Logunov D, Lancet, 2021 RESIST Full text Commentary ; Commentary ; Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
GAM-COVID-VAC |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | SARS-CoV-2- and HIV infection-free adult volunteers at 25 centers in Russia | N=21977 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04480957 Arcturus Therapeutics Inc. Low J, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
ARCT-021 1mcg ARCT-021 5mcg ARCT-021 7.5mcg ARCT-021 10mcg |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy HIV-negative adults at a single Center in Singapore. | N=42 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04480957 Arcturus Therapeutics Inc. Low J, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
ARCT-021 3mcg ARCT-021 5mcg |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy HIV-negative adults at a single Center in Singapore. | N=64 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04444674 AstraZeneca + University of Oxford Madhi S, N Engl J Med, 2021 COV005 Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1-2 | Healthy adult volunteers that were HIV-negative and SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in 7 centres in South Africa | N=2026 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04444674, PACTR202006922165132 AstraZeneca+University of Oxford Madhi S, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1-2 | Adults living with HIV in 7 centers in South Africa | N=104 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04642638 Inovio Pharmaceuticals Mammen Jr M, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
DNA based vaccine |
INO-4800 1mg D0/28 INO-4800 2mg D0/28 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adult volunteers SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at high risk of infection at 16 locations in the USA. | N=201 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04530656 West China Hospital of Sichuan University Meng F, Signal Transduct Tar, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
Sf9 cells vaccine Sf9 cells vaccine Sf9 cells vaccine |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy adults with no history of COVID-19 in a single centre in China | N=168 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04640402 West China Hospital of Sichuan University Meng F, Signal Transduct Tar, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cel COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cel COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cel COVID-19 vaccine (Sf9 cel |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults with no history of COVID-19 in a single centre in China | N=960 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04611243 Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd; and Pfizer/BioNTech + Fosun Pharma Mok C K P, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac/Boost |
CoronaVac/Boost BNT162b2 |
RCT* | Adults that had received two doses of CoronaVac but had low immune response against SARS-CoV-2 at two centres in Hong Kong, China | N=80 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04683484 Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC Nguyen T, SSRN, 2021 Full text Full text Commentary Commentary |
Protein subunit |
Nanocovax 25 mcg Nanocovax 50 mcg Nanocovax 75 mcg |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy HIV-negative and seronegative adults at 2 centers in Vietnam | N=560 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04683484 Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC Nguyen T, SSRN, 2021 Full text Full text Commentary Commentary |
Protein subunit |
Nanocovax 25 mcg Nanocovax 50 mcg |
Nanocovax 75 mcg |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy HIV-negative and seronegative adults at a single center in Vietnam | N=60 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04456595 Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd Palacios R, SSRN, 2021 PROFISCOV Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthcare professionals with or without previous COVID-19 infection caring for COVID-19 patients at 16 centers in Brazil. | N=12408 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04352608 Sinovac Research and Development Co Ltd Pan H , medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac 3mcg 0/14/194 CoronaVac 6mcg 0/14/194 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults 18-59 years that were SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody free at a single centre in China | N=150 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04352608 Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd Pan H, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac 3mcg D0/14/42 CoronaVac 6mcg D0/14/42 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults 18-59 years that were SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody free at a single centre in China | N=150 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04352608 Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd Pan H , medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac 3mcg 0/28/56 CoronaVac 6mcg 0/28/56 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults 18-59 years that were SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody free at a single centre in China | N=150 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04352608 Sinovac Research and Development Co Ltd Pan H , medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac 3mcg 0/28/208 CoronaVac 6mcg 0/28/208 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults 18-59 years that were SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibody free at a single centre in China | N=150 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04756323, ChiCTR2000039462 Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products and Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Pan HX, Chin Med J, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
KCONVAC 5mcg D0/14 KCONVAC 5mcg D0/14 KCONVAC 5mcg D0/28 KCONVAC 5mcg D0/28 KCONVAC 5mcg D0/14 KCONVAC 10mcg D0/14 |
KCONVAC 10mcg D0/14 KCONVAC 5mcg D0/14 KCONVAC 10mcg D0/28 Placebo Placebo Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adult volunteers with no history of COVID-19 and HIV- and SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in a single centre in China. | N=500 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04758273, ChiCTR2000038804 Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products and Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Pan HX, Chin Med J, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
5mcg KCONVAC |
10mcg KCONVAC |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy adult volunteers with no history of COVID-19 and HIV- and SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in a single centre in China. | N=60 |
Low Details |
|
|
RPCEC00000338 Finlay Vaccine Institute Pérez-Rodríguez S, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Protein subunit |
FINLAY-FR-1A 25 mcg FINLAY-FR-1A 50 mcg |
FINLAY-FR-1 |
RCTPhase 1 | Adults, age 19-59, with no history of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection at a single center in Cuba. | N=60 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04764422 The Government Pharmaceutical Organization (GPO); PATH; Dynavax Pitisuttithum P, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
NDV-HXP-S 1mcg NDV-HXP-S 1mcg + CpG1018 NDV-HXP-S 3mcg NDV-HXP-S 3mcg + CpG1018 NDV-HXP-S 10mcg NDV-HXP-S 1mcg |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy adults without immunosuppression negative for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at a single center in Thailand | N=210 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04368728 Pfizer/BioNTech+Fosun Pharma Polack F, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary ; Commentary ; Commentary ; Commentary ; Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
BNT162b2 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2/3 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 DNA negative adults in multiple centres in Argentina, Brazil, Germany, South Africa, Turkey, and the USA | N=43448 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04412538 The Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAM Pu J, Vaccine, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
KMS-1 100 EU D0/14 KMS-1 100 EU D0/28 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy adults aged 18 to 59 years, SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or antibodies negative in a single centre in China | N=192 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04405908 Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Chengdu, China Richmond P, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
SCB-2019 3 mcg SCB-2019 3 mcg + AS03 SCB-2019 3 mcg + CpG/Alum SCB-2019 9 mcg SCB-2019 9 mcg + AS03 SCB-2019 9 mcg + CpG/Alum SCB-2019 30 mcg SCB-2019 30 mcg + AS03 SCB-2019 30 mcg + CpG/Alu |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/DNA negative adults aged 18-75 years at one study center in Australia | N=151 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04527575 EpiVac LLC; VECTOR Ryzhikov AB, Infektsiia Immun, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
EpiVacCorona |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adult SARS-CoV-2 infection-free volunteers in a single center in Russia. | N=86 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04927936 Janssen Pharmaceutical; Moderna + National Institue of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID); Pfizer/BionTech + Fosun Pharma Sablerolles R, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
Ad26.COV2.S/No boost Ad26.COV2.S/No boost Ad26.COV2.S/No boost Ad26/ boost m-RNA-1273 Ad26/ boost Ad26/ boost |
Ad26/ boost Ad26/ boost BNT162b2 Ad26/ boost m-RNA-1273 Ad26/ boost BNT162b2 Ad26/ boost m-RNA-1273 Ad26/ boost BNT162b2 |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthcare workers (aged 18-65 years, without severe comorbidities, and no known history of SARS-CoV-2 infection) who received a single Ad26.COV2.S primary vaccination at 4 centers in the Netherlands. | N=461 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04436276 Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Sadoff J(1), N Engl J Med, 2021 ENSEMBLE Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
Ad26.COV2.S Ad26.COV2.S 1x10^11vp |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1-2 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid negative adults 18-55 years old and elderly >65 years old in multiple centres in Belgium and the US | N=810 |
Low Details |
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NCT04505722 Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Sadoff J(2), N Engl J Med, 2021 ENSEMBLE Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
Ad26.COV2.S |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Adults >18 years of age at 213 centers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, South Africa and USA | N=44325 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04533399; PACTR202009726132275 Novavax Shinde V, N Engl J Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
NVX-CoV2373 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | HIV-negative adults (18 to 84 years) and medically stable HIV-positive adults (18 to 64 years) at 16 sites in South Africa | N=4406 |
Some concerns Details |
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ChiCTR2100045107 Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Livzon Bio Inc.; Guangdong Provincial Centre for Disease Control and Prevention; Gaozhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Shu Y-J, Chin. Med. J., 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
V-01 10 mcg V-01 25 mcg V-01 50 mcg |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Younger (18-59) and older (60+) healthy adults with no current or past SARS-CoV-2 infection (PCR and ELISA) at a single centre in China | N=880 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04762680 Sanofi Pasteur + GlaxoSmithKline Sridhar S, medrxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Protein subunit |
CoV2 preS dTM 15µg CoV2 preS dTM 10µg |
CoV2 preS dTM 5µg |
RCTPhase 2 | Adults with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and risk factors for severe disease at 20 centers in the USA and Honduras | N=722 |
Low Details |
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NCT04436276 Janssen Pharmaceutical (Johnson & Johnson) Stephenson K, JAMA, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
Ad26.COV2.S |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy adults aged 18-55 years that were SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in a single centre in USA. | N=10 |
Low Details |
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NCT04582344 Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd Tanriover M, Lancet , 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthy healthcare workers and adults aged 18–59 years with no history of COVID-19 from 24 centres in Turkey | N=10218 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04368728 Pfizer/BioNTech+Fosun Pharma Thomas S, N Engl J Med, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
BNT162b2 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2-3 | Children (>=12Y yo), adolescentes and adults, with no history or SARS-CoV 2 infection at 152 sites in Argentina, Brazil, Germany, South Africa, Turkey and USA | N=44165 |
Some concerns Details |
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RPCEC00000354 Instituto Finlay de Vacunas Toledo-Romani ME, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Protein subunit |
FINLAY-FR-2 FINLAY-FR-2-/boost FR-1 |
Placebo FINLAY-FR-2 |
RCTPhase 3 | Adults in medically stable condition with no self-reported previous COVID-19 infection at 48 centers in Cuba | N=44031 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04324606;ISRCTN89951424;NCT04400838;NCT04444674 AstraZeneca+University of Oxford Voysey M, Lancet, 2021 COV001/COV002/COV003/COV005 Full text Commentary ; Commentary ; Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 |
Placebo |
RCTphase 1/2/3 | Adults seronegative at baseline from four studies in multiple centres in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK | N=24422 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04400838 AstraZeneca + University of Oxford Voysey M, Lancet, 2020 COV002 Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 LD/SD ChAdOx1 SD/SD |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2/3 | Healthy adults in 18 centres in the UK | N=10673 |
Some concerns Details |
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ISRCTN89951424 AstraZeneca + University of Oxford Voysey M, Lancet, 2020 COV003 Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/DNA negative adults in six centres in Brazil | N=10002 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04368728 Pfizer/BioNTech+Fosun Pharma Walsh E, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
BNT162b1 10 mcg D1/21 BNT162b1 20 mcg D1/21 BNT162b1 BNT162b1 100 mcg D1/21 BNT162b2 10 mcg D1/21 BNT162b2 20 mcg D1/21 BNT162b2 |
BNT162b1 |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/DNA negative adults in four centres in USA | N=195 |
Low Details |
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NCT04816643 Pfizer–BioNTech Walter E, N Engl J Med, 2021 New Full text Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
BNT162b2 10 mcg |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2-3 | Children aged 5-11 years with or without stable co-morbidities with no history of COVID-19 in 81 centres in the USA, Spain, Finland, and Poland | N=2285 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04450004 Medicago Inc Ward B, Nat Med, 2021 Full text Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Virus-Like particle (VLP) |
CoVLP 3.75mcg + CpG1018 CoVLP 3.75mcg + AS03 CoVLP 7.5mcg + CpG1018 CoVLP 7.5mcg + AS03 CoVLP 15mcg + CpG1018 CoVLP 15mcg + AS03 |
CoVLP 3.75mcg CoVLP 3.75mcg CoVLP 7.5mcg CoVLP 7.5mcg CoVLP 15mcg CoVLP 15mcg |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 infection-free adults aged 18-55 years at 2 centers in Canada | N=180 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04552366 Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing, China, and CanSino Biologics Wu S, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
Ad5-nCoV 2×10¹⁰ vp mu D0 Ad5-nCoV 2×10¹⁰ vp mu D0 Ad5-nCoV 2×10¹⁰ vp mu D0 Ad5-nCoV 2×10¹⁰ vp mu D0 |
Ad5-nCoV 1×10¹⁰ vp mu D0 Ad5-nCoV 5×10¹⁰ vp im D0 Ad5-nCoV 5×10¹⁰ vp im D0 Ad5-nCoV 10×10¹⁰ vp im D0 |
RCTPhase 1 | Adults who were HIV-negative and seronegative for SARS-CoV-2 at a single center in China | N=130 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04383574 Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd Wu Z, Lancet Infect Dis, 2021 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac 1.5mcg D0/28 CoronaVac CoronaVac 6mcg D0/28 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1/2 | Healthy adults aged 60 years and older with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a single centre in China | N=422 |
Some concerns Details |
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ChiCTR2000032459 Sinopharm + China Biotec Group Co + Beijing Istitute of Biological Products Xia S , Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
BBIBP-CorV 2 mcg BBIBP-CorV 4 mcg |
Adjuvant |
RCTPhase 1-2 | Healthy children and adolescents aged 3 to 17 years free from SARS-CoV-2 infection and antibodies at a single centre in China | N=1008 |
Low Details |
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ChiCTR2000031809 Sinopharm-Wuhan Xia S, JAMA, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
Inactivated 2.5mcg-3doses Inactivated 5mcg-3doses Inactivated 10mcg-3doses |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy adults, aged 18 to 59 years, without history ofSARS-CoV(via on-site inquiry) or SARS-CoV-2 infection (via serologicaland nucleic acid test | N=96 |
Low Details |
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ChiCTR2000032459 Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm Xia S, Lancet Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
BBIBP-CorV 8mcg once BBIBP-CorV 4mcg D0/14 BBIBP-CorV 4mcg D0/21 BBIBP-CorV 4mcg D0/28 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology negative adults 18-59 years old and ≥60 years old in a single centre in China | N=448 |
Some concerns Details |
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ChiCTR2000031809 Sinopharm-Wuhan Xia S, JAMA, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
Inactivated 5mcg-D0/21 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults, aged 18 to 59 years, without history ofSARS-CoV(via on-site inquiry) or SARS-CoV-2 infection (via serologicaland nucleic acid test | N=224 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04445194 Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd Yang S, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
ZF2001 25 mcg 3 doses ZF2001 50 mcg 3 doses |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 infection-free adults aged 18-59 at 2 centers in China | N=50 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04466085 Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd Yang S, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
ZF2001 25 mcg 2 doses ZF2001 50 mcg 2 doses ZF2001 25 mcg 3 doses ZF2001 50 mcg 3 doses |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 infection-free adults aged 18-59 at 1 center in China | N=900 |
Low Details |
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NCT04530357 Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan Zakarya K, EClinicalMedicine, 2021 Full text (21)00358-8/fulltextCommentary |
Inactivated virus |
QazCovid-in D1/21 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy adults with no history of COVID-19 that tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 and HIV virus at a single centre in Kazakhstan. | N=44 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04530357 Research Institute for Biological Safety Problems, Rep of Kazakhstan Zakarya K,, EClinicalMedicine, 2021 Full text (21)00358-8/fulltextCommentary |
Inactivated virus |
QazCovid-in D1/21 |
QazCovid-in D1 |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults with no history of COVID-19 that tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 and HIV virus at a single centre in Kazakhstan. | N=200 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04352608 Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd Zhang Y(1), Lancet Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac 6 mcg D0/28 CoronaVac 3 mcg D0/28 CoronaVac 6 mcg D0/14 CoronaVac |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/DNA negative adults in a single centre in China | N=144 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04352608 Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd Zhang Y(2), Lancet Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac CoronaVac 6 mcg D0/14 CoronaVac CoronaVac 6 mcg D0/28 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/DNA negative adults in a single centre in China | N=600 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04341389 CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Zhu F, Lancet, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
Ad5-vectored 1×10¹¹ vp Ad5-vectored 5×10¹⁰ vp |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adult volunteers with HIV-negative and SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in a single centre in China. | N=508 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04523571 ; ChiCTR Pfizer/BioNTech + Fosun Pharma Zhu F, ResearchSquare, 2021 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
BNT126b1 10 mcg/0.5 ml 2- |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 infection-free adults aged 18-55 and 65-85 at a single center in China | N=144 |
Some concerns Details |
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NCT04566770 CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Zhu F (2), Clin. Infect. Dis., 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
Ad5-vectored 3×10^10 vp |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2b | Healthy children and adolescents aged 6-17 years that were HIV-negative and SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in a single centre in China. | N=150 |
Low Details |
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NCT04566770 CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Zhu F(1), Clin Infect Dis, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
Ad5-vectored 5×10^10 vp Ad5-vectored 10×10^10 vp |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2b | Healthy volunteers aged 56 years and above that were HIV-negative and SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in a single centre in China. | N=250 |
Low Details |
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