COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness
Analyses are updated every Friday
Efficacy and Safety of all Covid-19 Vaccines
We present here charts demonstrating vaccine efficacy for efficacy outcomes and risk ratio for safety outcomes for all COVID-19 vaccines using latest published results of phase 2/3 trials.
Treatment comparisons
Please choose a Treatment Comparison:
Trials reports under extraction
In addition to the below included trials, we have included and presently extracting 2 new vaccine randomized trials:
Description of primary studies
In this table, we report the main characteristics of the COVID-19 vaccine candidates from RCTs identified. The presented data is preliminary and ROB assessment is still under quality control. Please contact us if you notice an inaccuracy.
Risk of bias appears in black for some studies because the assessment data is not available to proceed with the assessment. Non randomized studies are not included in the table.
| Trial | Type | Comparisons | Design | Participants | Sample size | Overall risk of bias Highest assessment |
Full description | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intervention 1 | Intervention 2 | |||||||
|
NCT04510207, ChiCTR2000034780 Sinopharm - China National Biotec Group Company Limited Al Kaabi N, JAMA, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
WIV04 HBO2 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthy adults free of known COVID-19 or HIV infection at 3 centres in United Arab Emirates and Bahrain | N=40411 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04470427 ModernaTX Baden LR, N Engl J Med, 2020 COVE Full text Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
mRNA-1273 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthy adults with no known history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in 99 centers in the US | N=30420 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04651790 Sinovac Research and Development Co., Ltd Bueno S, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Adult healthcare workers with no history of confirmed symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection who were in contact with possible or confirmed cases of COVID-19 in 8 sites in Chile. | N=434 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04495933 The University of Queensland; Syneos Health; CSIRO Manufacturing; Seqirus; Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations Chappell K, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
SARS-CoV-2 Sclamp 5-mcg D SARS-CoV-2 Sclamp 15-mcg SARS-CoV-2 Sclamp 45-mcg SARS-CoV-2 Sclamp 45-mcg |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 infection-free adults aged 18-55 at one center in Australia. | N=120 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04412538 Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS). Che Y, Clin Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
KMS-1 100 EU D0/14 KMS-1 150 EU D0/14 KMS-1 100 EU D0/28 KMS-1 150 EU D0/28 |
Adjuvant |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/DNA negative adults in two centres in China | N=750 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04471519 ; CTRI/2 Bharat Biotech Ella R, Lancet Infect Dis, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
3mcg BBV152 + Algel-IMDG 6mcg BBV152 + Algel-IMDG 6mcg BBV152 + Algel |
Adjuvant |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/PCR negative adults in 11 centres in India | N=375 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04471519 ; CTRI/2 Bharat Biotech Ella R, Lancet Infect Dis, 2021 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
6mcg BBV152 + Algel-IMDG |
3mcg BBV152 + Algel-IMDG |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults (<65 yo) and children (≥12 yo)volunteers, SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in 9 centres in India | N=380 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04324606; ISRCTN1 University of Oxford/AstraZeneca Folegatti PM, Lancet, 2020 COV001 Full text Commentary ; Commentary (20)31611-1/fulltext |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 SD |
MenACWY |
RCTPhase 1 - 2 | Healthy adults with no history of laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection or of COVID-19-like symptoms in five centres in the UK | N=1067 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04368988 Novavax, Inc Formica N, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Protein subunit |
NVX-CoV2373 5mcg D0/21 NVX-CoV2373 5mcg D0 25mcg NVX-CoV2373 D0/D21 25mcg NVX-CoV2373 D0 |
Placebo D0/D21 |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults (stable comorbidities and confirmed COVID-19 with mild symptoms permitted) aged 18-84 years at 17 centers in Australia and USA | N=1288 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04368728 Pfizer–BioNTech/Fosun Pharma Frenck R, N Engl J Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
BNT162b2 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Adolescents aged 12 to 15 years with no previous Covid-19 diagnosis or SARS-CoV-2 infection in 29 centers in the USA | N=2264 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04636697 Medicago Inc Gobeil P, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Virus-Like particle (VLP) |
CoVLP 3.75mcg +AS03 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults and non-institutionalized older adults (seronegative and seropositive) in multiple centers in Canada and the USA | N=588 | N/A | |
|
NCT04537208 Sanofi Pasteur, GlaxoSmithKline Goepfert P, Lancet, 2021 Full text (21)00147-X/fulltext#supplementaryMaterialCommentary |
Protein subunit |
CoV2 preS dTM LD + AFO3 CoV2 preS dTM LD + ASO3 CoV2 preS dTM HD + AFO3 CoV2 preS dTM HD + ASO3 CoV2 preS dTM HD |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1-2 | Health adults aged 18 years and older and SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in 10 centres in the USA. | N=271 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04551547 Sinovac Life Sciences Han B, SSRN, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac 1.5 mcg Adjuvant |
CoronaVac 3.0 mcg |
RCTPhase 1/2 | Healthy children and adolescents aged 3-17 years with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a single centre in China. | N=552 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04583995; EudraCT 2020-004123-16 Novavax Heath P, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Protein subunit |
NVX-CoV2373 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Adults 18 to 84 years old who were healthy or had stable chronic medical conditions with no history of COVID-19 at 33 centres in the UK. | N=15187 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04368988 Novavax Keech C, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
25mcg NVX-D0/21 5mcg NVX/M1-D0/21 25mcg NVX/M1-D0/21 25mcg NVX/M1+Placebo-D0/2 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy adult volunteers, SARS-CoV-2 infection-free and no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in two centres in Australia. | N=134 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
ChiCTR2000034825 ; NCT04523571 BioNTech RNA Pharmaceuticals Li J, Nature Medicine, 2021 Full text Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
BNT162b1 10 mcg |
BNT162b1 10 mcg |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy young adults between 18 and 55 years of age, and older adults between 65 and 85 that were SARS-COVID-2 infection-free at a single center in China. | N=144 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04530396 Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology Logunov D, Lancet, 2021 RESIST Full text Commentary ; Commentary ; Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
GAM-COVID-VAC (SPUTNIK V) |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | SARS-CoV-2- and HIV infection-free adult volunteers at 25 centers in Russia | N=21977 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04444674 University of Oxford/AstraZeneca Madhi S, N Engl J Med, 2021 COV005 Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 5X10^10vp D0/D28 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1-2 | Healthy adult volunteers that were HIV-negative and SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in 7 centres in South Africa | N=2026 | N/A | |
|
NCT04642638 Inovio Pharmaceuticals Mammen Jr M, medRxiv, 2021 Full text Commentary Commentary |
DNA based vaccine |
INO-4800 1mg INO-4800 2mg |
Placebo 1 Placebo 2 |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adult volunteers SARS-CoV-2 seronegative at high risk of infection at 16 locations in the USA. | N=201 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04456595 Sinovac Biotech Palacios R, SSRN, 2021 PROFISCOV Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthcare professionals with or without previous COVID-19 infection caring for COVID-19 patients at 16 centers in Brazil. | N=12408 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04756323, ChiCTR2000039462 Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products and Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Pan HX, Chin Med J, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
5mcg KCONVAC D0/14 5mcg KCONVAC D0/14 5mcg KCONVAC D0/28 5mcg KCONVAC D0/28 5mcg KCONVAC D0/14 10mcg KCONVAC D0/14 |
10mcg KCONVAC D0/14 5mcg KCONVAC D0/14 10mcg KCONVAC D0/28 Placebo D0/28 Placebo D0/14 Placebo D0/14 |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adult volunteers with no history of COVID-19 and HIV- and SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in a single centre in China. | N=500 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04758273, ChiCTR2000038804 Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products and Beijing Minhai Biotechnology Pan HX, Chin Med J, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
5mcg KCONVAC |
10mcg KCONVAC |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy adult volunteers with no history of COVID-19 and HIV- and SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in a single centre in China. | N=60 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04368728 BioNTech/Fosun Pharma/Pfizer Polack F, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary ; Commentary ; Commentary ; Commentary ; Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
BNT162b2 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2/3 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 DNA negative adults in multiple centres in Argentina, Brazil, Germany, South Africa, Turkey, and the USA | N=43448 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04412538 The Institute of Medical Biology (IMB), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAM Pu J, Vaccine, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
KMS-1 100 EU D0/14 KMS-1 100 EU D0/28 |
Placebo D0/14 |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy adults aged 18 to 59 years, SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid or antibodies negative in a single centre in China | N=192 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04405908 Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Chengdu, China Richmond P, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
SCB-2019 3 mcg SCB-2019 3 mcg + AS03 SCB-2019 3 mcg + CpG/Alum SCB-2019 9 mcg SCB-2019 9 mcg + AS03 SCB-2019 9 mcg + CpG/Alum SCB-2019 30 mcg SCB-2019 30 mcg + AS03 SCB-2019 30 mcg + CpG/Alu |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/DNA negative adults aged 18-75 years at one study center in Australia | N=151 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04527575 EpiVac LLC ; State Scientific Center of Virology and Biotechnology “Vector” of Rospotrebnadzor Ryzhikov AB, Infektsiia Immun, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
EpiVacCorona |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adult SARS-CoV-2 infection-free volunteers in a single center in Russia. | N=86 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04436276 Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Sadoff J, N Engl J Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
Ad26.COV2.S 5x10^10vp Ad26.COV2.S 1x10^11vp |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1-2 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid negative adults 18-55 years old and elderly >65 years old in multiple centres in Belgium and the US | N=810 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04505722 Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies Sadoff J, N Engl J Med, 2021 ENSEMBLE Full text Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
Ad26.COV2.S 5x10^10vp |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 3 | Adults >18 years of age at 213 centers in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru, South Africa and USA | N=44325 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04533399; PACTR202009726132275 Novavax Shinde V, N Engl J Med, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
5mcg NVX-CoV2373 |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 2a/b | HIV-negative adults (18 to 84 years) and medically stable HIV-positive adults (18 to 64 years) at 16 sites in South Africa | N=4406 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
ISRCTN89951424 University of Oxford/AstraZeneca Voysey M, Lancet, 2020 COV003 Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 SD/SD |
MenACWY/saline |
RCTPhase 3 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/DNA negative adults in six centres in Brazil | N=10002 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04324606 / EudraC University of Oxford/AstraZeneca Voysey M, Lancet, 2021 COV001/COV002/COV003/COV005 Full text Commentary ; Commentary ; Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 |
MenACWY/saline |
RCTphase 1/2/3 | Adults seronegative at baseline from four studies in multiple centres in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK | N=24422 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04400838 University of Oxford/AstraZeneca Voysey M, Lancet, 2020 COV002 Full text Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
ChAdOx1 LD/SD ChAdOx1 SD/SD |
MenACWY |
RCTPhase 2/3 | Healthy adults in 18 centres in the UK | N=10673 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04368728 BioNTech SE, Pfizer Walsh E, N Engl J Med, 2020 Full text Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
BNT162b1 10 mcg D1/21 BNT162b1 20 mcg D1/21 BNT162b1 30 mcg D1/21 BNT162b1 100 mcg D1/21 BNT162b2 10 mcg D1/21 BNT162b2 20 mcg D1/21 BNT162b2 30 mcg D1/21 |
BNT162b1 30 mcg D1/21 |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/DNA negative adults in four centres in USA | N=195 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04450004 Medicago Ward B, medRxiv, 2020 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Virus-Like particle (VLP) |
CoVLP 3.75mcg + CpG1018 CoVLP 3.75mcg + AS03 CoVLP 7.5mcg + CpG1018 CoVLP 7.5mcg + AS03 CoVLP 15mcg + CpG1018 CoVLP 15mcg + AS03 |
CoVLP 3.75mcg CoVLP 3.75mcg CoVLP 7.5mcg CoVLP 7.5mcg CoVLP 15mcg CoVLP 15mcg |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 infection-free adults aged 18-55 years at 2 centers in Canada | N=180 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04383574 Sinovac Biotech Wu Z, Lancet Infect Dis, 2021 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac 1.5mcg D0/28 CoronaVac 3mcg D0/28 CoronaVac 6mcg D0/28 |
Adjuvant |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adults aged 60 years and older with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a single centre in China | N=422 |
Low Details |
|
|
ChiCTR2000031809 Wuhan Institute of Biological Products Co Ltd./Sinopharm Xia S, JAMA, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
Inactivated 2.5mcg-3doses Inactivated 5mcg-3doses Inactivated 10mcg-3doses Inactivated 5mcg-D0/14 Inactivated 5mcg-D0/21 |
Adjuvant |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy adults, aged 18 to 59 years, without history ofSARS-CoV(via on-site inquiry) or SARS-CoV-2 infection (via serologicaland nucleic acid test | N=320 |
Low Details |
|
|
ChiCTR2000032459 Beijing Institute of Biological Products/Sinopharm Xia S, Lancet Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
BBIBP-CorV 8mcg once BBIBP-CorV 4mcg D0/14 BBIBP-CorV 4mcg D0/21 BBIBP-CorV 4mcg D0/28 |
Adjuvant |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology negative adults 18-59 years old and ≥60 years old in a single centre in China | N=448 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04445194 Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd Yang S, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
ZF2001 25 mcg 3 doses ZF2001 50 mcg 3 doses |
Adjuvant |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 infection-free adults aged 18-59 at 2 centers in China | N=50 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04466085 Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences ; Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical Co., Ltd Yang S, Lancet, 2021 Full text Commentary |
Protein subunit |
ZF2001 25 mcg 2 doses ZF2001 50 mcg 2 doses ZF2001 25 mcg 3 doses ZF2001 50 mcg 3 doses |
Adjuvant |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 infection-free adults aged 18-59 at 1 center in China | N=900 |
Low Details |
|
|
NCT04352608 Sinovac Zhang Y, Lancet Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac 6 mcg D0/28 CoronaVac 3 mcg D0/28 CoronaVac 6 mcg D0/14 CoronaVac 3 mcg D0/14 |
Adjuvant |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/DNA negative adults in a single centre in China | N=144 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04352608 Sinovac Zhang Y, Lancet Infect Dis, 2020 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
Inactivated virus |
CoronaVac 3 mcg D0/14 CoronaVac 6 mcg D0/14 CoronaVac 3 mcg D0/28 CoronaVac 6 mcg D0/28 |
Adjuvant |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 serology/DNA negative adults in a single centre in China | N=600 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04341389 CanSino Biological Inc./Beijing Institute of Biotechnology Zhu F, Lancet, 2020 Full text Commentary Commentary |
Non replicating viral vector |
Ad5-vectored 1×10¹¹ vp Ad5-vectored 1×10¹¹ vp Ad5-vectored 5×10¹⁰ vp |
Ad5-vectored 5×10¹⁰ vp Placebo Placebo |
RCTPhase 2 | Healthy adult volunteers with HIV-negative and SARS-CoV-2 infection-free in a single centre in China. | N=508 |
Some concerns Details |
|
|
NCT04523571 ; ChiCTR BioNTech / Pfizer / Fosun Pharma Zhu F, ResearchSquare, 2021 Full text Commentary ; Commentary |
RNA based vaccine |
BNT126b1 10 mcg/0.5 ml 2- BNT126b1 30 mcg/0.5 ml 2- |
Placebo |
RCTPhase 1 | Healthy SARS-CoV-2 infection-free adults aged 18-55 and 65-85 at a single center in China | N=144 |
Some concerns Details |
|
For risk of bias assessment, we are considering the “effect of assignment to intervention” which might not be the analysis planned and reported by investigators. Consequently, when investigators planned to assess and report the “per-protocol” effect, the risk of bias for domain 2 may be evaluated as “some concerns”. We will contact investigators to obtain the results of the intent-to-treat analysis.