Acknowledgements

Authors

Cao Y, J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2020 - Ruxolitinib in treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial - ChiCTR-OPN-2000029580

Chen J, Journal of Zhejiang, 2020 - Preliminary study of hydroxychloroquine sulfate in treating common coronavirus disease (COVID-19) patients in 2019 - NCT04261517

Hung IF-N, Lancet, 2020 - Triple combination of interferon beta-1b, lopinavir+ritonavir, and ribavirin in the treatment of patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19: an open-label, randomised, phase 2 trial - NCT04276688

Tang W, BMJ, 2020 - Hydroxychloroquine in patients with mainly mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019: open label, randomised controlled trial - ChiCTR2000029868

Wang Y, Lancet, 2020 - Remdesivir in adults with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial - NCT04257656

Zheng F, Int J Infect Dis, 2020 - A Novel Protein Drug, Novaferon, as the Potential Antiviral Drug for COVID-19 - ChiCTR2000029496

Skipper CP, Ann Intern Med, 2020 - Hydroxychloroquine in Nonhospitalized Adults With Early COVID-19 - NCT04308668

Lopes MIF, RMD Open, 2021 - Beneficial effects of colchicine for moderate to severe COVID-19: an interim analysis of a randomized, double-blinded, placebo controlled clinical trial - RBR-8jyhxh

Sakoulas G, Crit Care Expl, 2020 - Study of Standard of Care Plus Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Compared to Standard of Care Alone in the Treatment of COVID-19 Infection - NCT04411667

Corral-Gudino L, medRxiv, 2020 - GLUCOCOVID: A controlled trial of methylprednisolone in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia - EudraCT2020-001934-37

Yueping L, CellPress, 2020 - The Efficacy of Lopinavir Plus Ritonavir and Arbidol Against Novel Coronavirus Infection (ELACOI) - NCT04252885

Li L, Jama, 2020 - Effect of Convalescent Plasma Therapy on Time to Clinical Improvement in Patients With Severe and Life-threatening COVID-19; A Randomized Clinical Trial - ChiCTR2000029757

Beigel JH, N Engl J Med, 2020 - Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19: Final Report - NCT04280705

Lou Y, medRxiv, 2020 - Clinical Outcomes and Plasma Concentrations of Baloxavir Marboxil and Favipiravir in COVID-19 Patients: An Exploratory Randomized, Controlled Trial - ChiCTR2000029544

Chen CP, Plos one, 2020 - A multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of hydroxychloroquine and a retrospective study in adult patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - NCT04384380

Mitja O, Clin Infect Dis, 2020 - Hydroxychloroquine for Early Treatment of Adults With Mild Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized, Controlled Trial - NCT04304053

Hermine O, JAMA Intern Med, 2020 - Effect of Tocilizumab vs Usual Care in Adults Hospitalized With COVID-19 and Moderate or Severe Pneumonia - NCT04331808

Vlaar APJ, Lancet Rheumatol, 2020 - Anti-C5a antibody IFX-1 (vilobelimab) treatment versus best supportive care for patients with severe COVID-19 (PANAMO): an exploratory, open-label, phase 2 randomised controlled trial - NCT04333420

Huang YQ, Front Pharmacol, 2020 - No Statistically Apparent Difference in Antiviral Effectiveness Observed Among Ribavirin Plus Interferon-Alpha, Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Interferon-Alpha, and Ribavirin Plus Lopinavir/Ritonavir Plus Interferon-Alpha in Patients With Mild to Moderate

Ren Z, Adv Sci, 2020 - A Randomized, Open-Label, Controlled Clinical Trial of Azvudine Tablets in the Treatment of Mild and Common COVID-19, a Pilot Study - ChiCTR2000029853

Gharebaghi N, BMC Infect Dis, 2020 - The use of intravenous immunoglobulin gamma for the treatment of severe coronavirus disease 2019: a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind clinical trial - IRCT20200501047259N1

Rosas IO, EClinicalMedicine, 2022 - Tocilizumab in Hospitalized Patients with Severe Covid-19 Pneumonia - NCT04320615

Salama C, N Engl J Med, 2020 - Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia - NCT04372186

Doi Y, Antimicrob Agents Ch, 2020 - A Prospective, Randomized, Open-Label Trial of Early versus Late Favipiravir Therapy in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 - jRCTs041190120

Balcells M, PLoS Med, 2021 - Early versus deferred anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma in patients admitted for COVID-19: A randomized phase II clinical trial - NCT04375098

Rocco PRM, Eur Respir J, 2020 - Early use of nitazoxanide in mild Covid-19 disease: randomised, placebo-controlled trial - NCT04552483

Chen P, N Engl J Med, 2020 - SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody LY-CoV555 in Outpatients with Covid-19 - NCT04427501

Balykova L, Infektsionnye bolezn, 2020 - New possibilities for targeted antiviral therapy for COVID-19. Results of a multi center clinical study of the efficacy and safety of using the drug Areplivir - NCT04542694

Udwadia Z, Int J Infect Dis, 2020 - Efficacy and safety of favipiravir, an oral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, in mild-to-moderate COVID-19: A randomized, comparative, open-label, multicenter, phase 3 clinical trial - CTRI/2020/05/025114

Libster R, N Engl J Med, 2021 - Early High-Titer Plasma Therapy to Prevent Severe Covid-19 in Older Adults - NCT04479163

Simonovich VA, N Engl J Med, 2020 - A Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma in Covid-19 Severe Pneumonia - NCT04383535

Ahmed S, Int J Infect Dis, 2020 - A five-day course of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19 may reduce the duration of illness

De Marchi T, medRxiv, 2020 - Effects of photobiomodulation therapy combined with static magnetic field (PBMT-sMF) in patients with severe COVID-19 requiring intubation: a pragmatic randomized placebo-controlled trial - NCT04386694

Khan Chachar AZ, Int J Sci, 2020 - Effectiveness of Ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Patients - NCT04739410

Ravikirti R, J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2021 - Ivermectin as a potential treatment for mild to moderate COVID-19? A double blind randomized placebo-controlled trial - CTRI/2020/08/027225

Lanzoni G, Stem Cells Transl Me, 2020 - Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: A double-blind, phase 1/2a, randomized controlled trial - NCT04355728

Ranjbar K, BMC Infect Dis, 2021 - Methylprednisolone or dexamethasone, which one is superior corticosteroid in the treatment of hospitalized COVID-19 patients: a triple-blinded randomized controlled trial - IRCT20200204046369N1

O'Donnell M, medRxiv, 2021 - A randomized double-blind controlled trial of convalescent plasma in adults with severe COVID-19 - NCT04359810

Lopez-Medina E, JAMA, 2021 - Effect of Ivermectin on Time to Resolution of Symptoms Among Adults With Mild COVID-19 - NCT04405843

Kharat A, Thorax, 2021 - Self-proning in COVID-19 patients on low-flow oxygen therapy. A cluster randomised controlled trial - SNCTP000003718

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Elgazzar A, Research Square, 2020 - Efficacy and Safety of Ivermectin for Treatment and prophylaxis of COVID-19 Pandemic - NCT04668469

Bikdeli B, Thromb Haemost, 2021 - Effect of Intermediate-Dose vs Standard-Dose Prophylactic Anticoagulation on Thrombotic Events, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Treatment, or Mortality Among Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit The INSPIRATION Randomized Cl

Hinks T, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 - A randomised clinical trial of azithromycin versus standard care in ambulatory COVID19 - the ATOMIC2 trial - NCT04381962

Siami Z, Int J Infect Dis, 2021 - Effect of Ammonium Chloride in addition to standard of care in outpatients and hospitalized COVID-19 patients: A randomized clinical trial - IRCT20200504047298N3

Grieco DL, JAMA, 2021 - Effect of Helmet Noninvasive Ventilation vs High-Flow Nasal Oxygen on Days Free of Respiratory Support in Patients With COVID-19 and Moderate to Severe Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure The HENIVOT Randomized Clinical Trial - NCT04502576

Shahbaznejad L, Clin Ther, 2021 - Effects of Ivermectin in Patients With COVID-19: A Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial - IRCT20111224008507N3

Purwati, Biochem Res Int, 2021 - A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multicenter Clinical Study Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of a Drug Combination of Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Azithromycin, Lopinavir/Ritonavir-Doxycycline, and Azithromycin-Hydroxychloroquine for Patients Diagnosed with Mild

Temesgen Z, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 - Lenzilumab in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 pneumonia (LIVE-AIR): a phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial - NCT04351152

Kyriazopoulou E, medrxiv, 2021 - Early Anakinra Treatment for COVID-19 Guided by Urokinase Plasminogen Receptor - NCT04680949; EudraCT 2020-005828-11

Beltran-Gonzalez J, medRxiv, 2021 - Efficacy and safety of Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine in patients with severe COVID-19. A randomized controlled trial - NCT04391127

Bauer A, Lancet, 2021 - Discontinuation versus continuation of renin-angiotensin-system inhibitors in COVID-19 (ACEI-COVID): a prospective, parallel group, randomised, controlled, open-label trial - NCT04353596

Cadegiani F, medRxiv, 2021 - Efficacy of Proxalutamide in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Design Clinical Trial - NCT04728802

Vallejos J, BMC Infect Dis, 2021 - Ivermectin to prevent hospitalizations in patients with COVID-19 (IVERCOR-COVID19) a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - NCT04529525

Aman J, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 - Imatinib in patients with severe COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial - NCT04794088

Sabico S, Nutrients, 2021 - Effects of a 2-Week 5000 IU versus 1000 IU Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Recovery of Symptoms in Patients with Mild to Moderate Covid-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial - SCTR20061006

Sivapalan P, Eur Respir J, 2021 - Azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine in hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19-a randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled trial - EudraCT 2020-001198-55

Ventura-Carmenate Y, Transl Med Commun, 2021 - Safety and efficacy of autologous non-hematopoietic enriched stem cell nebulization in COVID-19 patients: a randomized clinical trial, Abu Dhabi 2020 - NCT04473170

O'Brien M, JAMA, 2022 - Subcutaneous REGEN-COV Antibody Combination in Early SARS-CoV-2 Infection - NCT04452318

Caricchio R, JAMA, 2021 - Effect of Canakinumab vs Placebo on Survival Without Invasive Mechanical Ventilation in Patients Hospitalized With Severe COVID-19 - NCT04362813; EudraCT 2020-001370-30

Najmeddin F, Am J Hypertens, 2021 - Effects of Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone Inhibitors on Early Outcomes of Hypertensive COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized Triple-Blind Clinical Trial - IRCT20151113025025N3

Munch M, JAMA, 2021 - Effect of 12 mg vs 6 mg of Dexamethasone on the Number of Days Alive Without Life Support in Adults With COVID-19 and Severe Hypoxemia: The COVID STEROID 2 Randomized Trial - NCT04509973; CTRI/2020/10/028731

Ravichandran R, medRxiv, 2021 - Indomethacin Use for Mild & Moderate hospitalised Covid-19 patients: An open label randomized clinical trial - CTRI/2021/05/033544

Sekine L, Eur Respir J, 2021 - Convalescent plasma for COVID-19 in hospitalised patients: an open-label, randomised clinical trial - NCT04547660

El-Bendary - RETRACTED ARTICLE: Efficacy of combined Sofosbuvir and Daclatasvir in the treatment of COVID-19 patients with pneumonia: a multicenter Egyptian study

Ader F, Lancet Infect Dis, 2022 - Remdesivir for the treatment of hospitalised patients with COVID-19: final results from the DisCoVeRy randomised, controlled, open-label trial - NCT04315948, EudraCT2020-000936-23

Boosteels C, Research Square, 2021 - Early treatment with inhaled GM-CSF improves oxygenation and anti-viral immunity in COVID-19 induced lung injury – a randomized clinical trial - NCT04326920

Duarte M, EClinicalMedicine, 2021 - Telmisartan for treatment of Covid-19 patients: An open multicenter randomized clinical trial - NCT04355936

Spyropoulos A, JAMA Intern Med, 2021 - Efficacy and Safety of Therapeutic-Dose Heparin vs Standard Prophylactic or Intermediate-Dose Heparins for Thromboprophylaxis in High-risk Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19. The HEP-COVID Randomized Clinical Trial - NCT04401293

Ezer N, BMJ, 2021 - Inhaled and intranasal ciclesonide for the treatment of covid-19 in adult outpatients: CONTAIN phase II randomised controlled trial - NCT04435795

Parikh D, medRxiv, 2021 - Safety and efficacy of COVID-19 hyperimmune globulin (HIG) solution in the treatment of active COVID-19 infection- Findings from a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, Multi-Centric Trial - CTRI/2020/09/027903

Connors JM, JAMA, 2021 - Effect of Antithrombotic Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Outpatients With Clinically Stable Symptomatic COVID-19: The ACTIV-4B Randomized Clinical Trial - NCT04498273

Babalola O E, medRxiv, 2021 - Ivermectin shows clinical benefits in mild to moderate Covid19 disease: A randomised controlled double blind dose response study in Lagos - ISRCTN40302986

Chuah CH, Clin Infect Dis, 2021 - Efficacy of Early Treatment with Favipiravir on Disease Progression among High Risk COVID-19 Patients: A Randomized, Open-Label Clinical Trial - NCT04818320

Sholzberg, M, BMJ, 2021 - Effectiveness of therapeutic heparin versus prophylactic heparin on death, mechanical ventilation, or intensive care unit admission in moderately ill patients with covid-19 admitted to hospital: RAPID randomised clinical trial - NCT04362085; NCT04444

Absalon-Aguilar A, J Gen Intern Med, 2021 - Colchicine Is Safe Though Ineffective in the Treatment of Severe COVID-19: a Randomized Clinical Trial (COLCHIVID) - NCT04367168

Finberg RW, Open Forum Infect Dis, 2021 - US201 Study: A Phase 2, Randomized Proof-of-Concept Trial of Favipiravir for the Treatment of COVID-19 - NCT04358549

Bruen C, ResearchSquare, 2022 - Auxora vs. placebo for the treatment of patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia: a randomized-controlled clinical trial - NCT04345614

Mazeraud A, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 - Intravenous immunoglobulins in patients with COVID-19-associated moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ICAR): multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial - NCT04350580

Johansson PI, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2021 - Prostacyclin in Mechanically Ventilated Patients with COVID-19 and Severe Endotheliopathy: A Multicenter, Randomized, Clinical Trial - NCT04420741

Sullivan D, medrxiv, 2021 - Randomized Controlled Trial of Early Outpatient COVID-19 Treatment with High-Titer Convalescent Plasma - NCT04373460

Kumar PN, Open Forum Infect Dis, 2021 - Safety and Efficacy of Tocilizumab 4 or 8 mg/kg in Hospitalized Patients With Moderate to Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia: A Randomized Clinical Trial - NCT04363736

Odeyemi YE, Crit Care, 2022 - Early, biomarker-guided steroid dosing in COVID-19 Pneumonia: a pilot randomized controlled trial - NCT03852537

Somersan-Karakaya S, medRxiv, 2021 - REGEN-COV for the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with Covid-19 - NCT04426695

Bar KJ, J Clin Invest, 2021 - A randomized controlled study of convalescent plasma for individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia - NCT04397757

Alemany A, Lancet Respir Med, 2022 - High-titre methylene blue-treated convalescent plasma as an early treatment for outpatients with COVID-19: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial - NCT04621123

Sanchez-Conde M, SSRN, 2022 - Pembrolizumab in combination with tocilizumab in high-risk hospitalized COVID-19 patients (COPERNICO): A randomized proof-of-concept phase II study - NCT04335305

Holubar M, Clin Infect Dis, 2022 - Favipiravir for Treatment of Outpatients With Asymptomatic or Uncomplicated Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2 Trial - NCT04346628

Les I, Front Med, 2022 - Methylprednisolone Pulses in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Without Respiratory Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial - NCT04438980

Lowe DM, medRxiv, 2022 - Favipiravir, lopinavir-ritonavir or combination therapy (FLARE): a randomised, double blind, 2x2 factorial placebo-controlled trial of early antiviral therapy in COVID-19 - NCT04499677

Redondo-Calvo FJ, Eur J Clin Invest, 2022 - Aprotinin treatment against SARS-CoV-2: a randomized phase III study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a pan-protease inhibitor for moderate COVID-19 - EudraCT 2020–002434–33

Fowotade A, medRxiv, 2022 - Efficacy and safety of nitazoxanide combined with ritonavir-boosted atazanavir for the treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 - NCT04459286

Sasson J, medRxiv, 2022 - Safety and Efficacy of Dupilumab for the Treatment of Hospitalized Patients with Moderate to Severe COVID 19: A Phase IIa Trial - NCT04920916

Duvignaud A, Clin Microbiol Infect, 2022 - Inhaled ciclesonide for outpatient treatment of COVID-19 in adults at risk of adverse outcomes: a randomised controlled trial (COVERAGE) - NCT04356495

Mariette X, Lancet Rheumatol, 2021 (CORIMUNO-SARI-1) - Sarilumab in adults hospitalised with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 pneumonia (CORIMUNO-SARI-1): An open-label randomised controlled trial - NCT04324073

Sancho-Lopez A, Infec Dis Ther, 2021 - Efficacy and Safety of Sarilumab in patients with COVID19 Pneumonia: A Randomized, Phase III Clinical Trial (SARTRE Study) - EU-CTR 2020-002037-15

Samsonov M, Unpublished, 2022 - Study of the Efficacy and Safety of a Single Administration of Olokizumab and RPH-104 With Standard Therapy in Patients With Severe Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection (COVID-19) - NCT04380519

NCT04411680, Unpublished, 2022 - Study of Sargramostim in Patients With COVID-19 (iLeukPulm) - NCT04411680

Karampitsakos T, medRxiv, 2022 - Tocilizumab versus baricitinib in hospitalized patients with severe COVID-19: an open label, randomized controlled trial - NCT05082714

Huygens S, medRxiv, 2022 - Hyperimmune Globulin for Severely Immunocompromised Patients Hospitalized With Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Randomized, Controlled Trial - NL9436

Lacombe K, Vox Sang, 2022 - COVID-19 convalescent plasma for hospitalized COVID-19 patients not requiring assisted ventilation. A randomized controlled trial - NCT04345991

Mukae H, medRxiv, 2022 a - A Randomized Phase 2/3 Study of Ensitrelvir, a Novel Oral SARS-CoV-2 3C-Like Protease Inhibitor, in Japanese Patients with Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 or Asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Results of the Phase 2a Part - jRCT2031210350

Mukae H, medRxiv, 2022 b - Efficacy and safety of ensitrelvir in patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19: the phase 2b part of a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase 2/3 study - jRCT2031210350

Montgomery H, Lancet Respir Med, 2022 - Efficacy and safety of intramuscular administration of tixagevimab-cilgavimab for early outpatient treatment of COVID-19 (TACKLE): a phase 3, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial - NCT04723394

Neuenschwander FC, medRxiv, 2022 - Effect of Opaganib on Supplemental Oxygen and Mortality in Patients with Severe SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia - NCT04467840

Chen P, Clin Pharmacol Ther, 2021 - First-in-Human Study of Bamlanivimab in a Randomized Trial of Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 - NCT04411628

NCT04385199, Unpublished, 2022 - Convalescent Plasma for Patients With COVID-19 - NCT04385199

Editorial Team

Stephanie Weibel - Content Editor, Cochrane Emergency and Critical Care

Nathan Pace - Statistical Editor, Cochrane Emergency and Critical Care

Marialena Trivella - Statistical Editor, Cochrane Emergency and Critical Care

Janne Vendt - Information Specialist, Cochrane Emergency and Critical Care

Teo Quay - Managing Editor, Cochrane Emergency and Critical Care

Harald Herkner - Co-ordinating Editor, Cochrane Emergency and Critical Care

Major Collaborators

Borba MGS, JAMA Netw Open, 2020 - Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) InfectionA Randomized Clinical Trial - NCT04323527

Beigel JH, N Engl J Med, 2020 - Remdesivir for the Treatment of Covid-19 — Final Report - NCT04280705

Davoudi-Monfared E, Antimicrob Agents Ch, 2020 - A Randomized Clinical Trial of the Efficacy and Safety of Interferon ?-1a in Treatment of Severe COVID-19 - IRCT20100228003449N28

Gharbharan A, Nat Commun, 2021 - Effects of potent neutralizing antibodies from convalescent plasma in patients hospitalized for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection - NCT04342182

Cavalcanti AB, N Engl J Med, 2020 - Hydroxychloroquine with or without Azithromycin in Mild-to-Moderate Covid-19 - NCT04322123

Chen CP, Plos one, 2020 - A multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of hydroxychloroquine and a retrospective study in adult patients with mild to moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) - NCT04384380

Mehboob R, medRxiv, 2020 - Aprepitant as a combinant with Dexamethasone reduces the inflammation via Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonism in severe to critical Covid-19 patients and potentiates respiratory recovery: A novel therapeutic approach - NCT04468646

Corral-Gudino L, medRxiv, 2020 - GLUCOCOVID: A controlled trial of methylprednisolone in adults hospitalized with COVID-19 pneumonia - EUCTR2020-001934-37-ES

Tomazini BM, JAMA, 2020 - Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients With Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19 The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial - NCT04327401

Rahmani H, Int Immunopharmacol, 2020 - Interferon ?-1b in treatment of severe COVID-19: A randomized clinical trial - IRCT20100228003449N27

Lyngbakken MN, Nature, 2020 - A pragmatic randomized controlled trial reports lack of efficacy of hydroxychloroquine on coronavirus disease 2019 viral kinetics - NCT04316377

Chowdhury ATMM, EJMO, 2021 - A Comparative Study on Ivermectin-Doxycycline and Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin Therapy on COVID-19 Patients - NCT04434144

Salehzadeh F, Research Square, 2020 - The Impact of Colchicine on The COVID-19 Patients; A Clinical Trial Study - IRCT20200418047126N1

Garcia de Alencar JC, CID, 2020 - Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial With N-acetylcysteine for Treatment of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) - RBR-8969zg

Balcells M, PLoS Med, 2021 - Early versus deferred anti-SARS-CoV-2 convalescent plasma in patients admitted for COVID-19: A randomized phase II clinical trial - NCT04375098

Salvarani C, JAMA , 2020 - Effect of Tocilizumab vs Standard Care on Clinical Worsening in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 Pneumonia - NCT04346355

Altay O, Adv Sci, 2021 - Combined Metabolic Activators Accelerates Recovery in Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 - NCT04573153

Salama C, N Engl J Med, 2020 - Tocilizumab in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19 Pneumonia - NCT04372186

Bajpai M, An Acad Bras Cienc, 2022 - Comparison of safety and efficacy of convalescent plasma with fresh frozen plasma in severe covid-19 patients - NCT04346446

Chen P, N Engl J Med, 2020 - SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody LY-CoV555 in Outpatients with Covid-19 - NCT04427501

Araimo F , J Med Virol, 2020 - Ozone as adjuvant support in the treatment of COVID?19:A preliminary report of probiozovid trial - NCT04366089

Self W, JAMA, 2020 - Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on Clinical Status at 14 Days in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19 - A Randomized Clinical Trial - NCT04332991

Lenze E, JAMA, 2020 - Fluvoxamine vs Placebo and Clinical Deterioration in Outpatients With Symptomatic COVID-19 - A Randomized Clinical Trial - NCT04342663

Khamis F, Int J Infect Dis, 2020 - Randomized controlled open label trial on the use of favipiravir combined with inhaled interferon beta-1b in hospitalized patients with moderate to severe COVID-19 pneumonia - NCT04385095

Mahmud R, J Int Med Res, 2021 - Ivermectin in combination with doxycycline for treating COVID-19 symptoms: a randomized trial - NCT04523831

Yakoot M, medRxiv, 2022 - Clinical utility of repurposing a short course of hepatitis C drugs for COVID19. A randomized controlled study - DRKS00022203

Omrani A, EClinicalMedicine, 2020 - Randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial of hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for virologic cure of non-severe Covid-19 - NCT04349592

Jagannathan P, Nature, 2021 - Peginterferon Lambda-1a for treatment of outpatients with uncomplicated COVID-19: a randomized placebo-controlled trial - NCT04331899

Libster R, N Engl J Med, 2021 - Early High-Titer Plasma Therapy to Prevent Severe Covid-19 in Older Adults - NCT04479163

Simonovich VA, N Engl J Med, 2020 - A Randomized Trial of Convalescent Plasma in Covid-19 Severe Pneumonia - NCT04383535

Chaccour C, EClinicalMedicine, 2021 - The effect of early treatment with ivermectin on viral load, symptoms and humoral response in patients with non-severe COVID-19: A pilot, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial - NCT04390022

Roozbeh F, J Antimicrob Chemoth, 2020 - Sofosbuvir and daclatasvir for the treatment of COVID-19 outpatients: a double-blind, randomized controlled trial - IRCT20200403046926N1

Babalola OE, QJM, 2021 - Ivermectin shows clinical benefits in mild to moderate COVID19: a randomized controlled double-blind, dose-response study in Lagos - ISRCTN40302986

Khan Chachar AZ, Int J Sci, 2020 - Effectiveness of Ivermectin in SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 Patients - NCT04739410

Ravikirti R, J Pharm Pharm Sci, 2021 - Evaluation of Ivermectin as a Potential Treatment for Mild to Moderate COVID-19: A Double-Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial in Eastern India - CTRI/2020/08/027225

Lescure FX, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 - Sarilumab in patients admitted to hospital with severe or critical COVID-19: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial - NCT04327388

Mariette X, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 - Effect of anakinra versus usual care in adults in hospital with COVID-19 and mild-to-moderate pneumonia (CORIMUNO-ANA-1): a randomised controlled trial - NCT04341584

Tardif JC, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 - Colchicine for community-treated patients with COVID-19 (COLCORONA): a phase 3, randomised, double-blinded, adaptive, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial - NCT04322682

Nourian A, Acta Biomed, 2020 - Efficacy and safety of sofosbuvir/ ledipasvir in treatment of patients with COVID-19; A randomized clinical trial - IRCT20100228003449N29

Blum VF, EClinicalMedicine, 2021 - Nitazoxanide superiority to placebo to treat moderate COVID-19 – A Pilot prove of concept randomized double-blind clinical trial - NCT04348409

Silva M, medRxiv, 2021 - Efficacy of Nitazoxanide in reducing the viral load in COVID-19 patients. Randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded, parallel group, pilot study - NCT04463264

Lopez-Medina E, JAMA, 2021 - Effect of Ivermectin on Time to Resolution of Symptoms Among Adults With Mild COVID-19 A Randomized Clinical Tria - NCT04405843

Beltran-Gonzalez J, medRxiv, 2021 - Efficacy and safety of Ivermectin and Hydroxychloroquine in patients with severe COVID-19. A randomized controlled trial - NCT04391127

O Donnell M, J Clin Invest, 2021 - A randomized double-blind controlled trial of convalescent plasma in adults with severe COVID-19 - NCT04359810

Rea-Neto A, Scientific Reports, 2021 - An open-label randomized controlled trial evaluating the efficacy of chloroquine/hydroxychloroquine in severe COVID-19 patients - NCT04420247

Marconi V, Lancet Respir Med, 2021 - Efficacy and safety of baricitinib for the treatment of hospitalised adults with COVID-19 (COV-BARRIER): a randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial - NCT04421027

Fragoso-Saavedra S, medRxiv, 2021 - Pyridostigmine in adults with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: the PISCO trial - NCT04343963

Johnston C, EClinicalMedicine, 2021 - Hydroxychloroquine with or without azithromycin for treatment of early SARS-CoV-2 infection among high-risk outpatient adults: A randomized clinical trial - NCT04354428

Data Architecture Design