Note: The risk of bias by domain corresponds to the highest risk of bias among outcomes by domain.
The overall risk of bias corresponds to the overall highest risk of bias assessed among outcomes.
| Bias | Author's judgement | Support for judgement |
| Randomization |
Some concerns |
Comment: It is unclear whether the allocation was concealed. The only information comes from the trial registry: "Computer-generated sequence of random numbers". |
| Deviations from intervention |
Some concerns |
Comment: Unblinded study.
No participant cross-over reported. No information on administration of any co-intervention of interest, anticoagulants, antivirals, glucocorticoids and biologics were reported. Appropriate analysis method was used; participants were analyzed according to their assigned intervention. |
| Missing outcome data |
Low |
Comment: 60 randomized, 58 analyzed. Risk assessed to be "low" for the outcomes:Time to intubation |
| Measurement of the outcome |
Low |
Comment: Objectively measured outcome. Risk assessed to be "low" for the outcomes: Total Intubation Time. |
| Selection of the reported results |
Some concerns |
Comment: Neither the protocol nor the statistical analysis plan was available. Risk assessed to be "some concerns" for the outcomes: Total intubation time. |
| Overall risk of bias |
Some concerns |