Note: The risk of bias by domain corresponds to the highest risk of bias among outcomes by domain.
The overall risk of bias corresponds to the overall highest risk of bias assessed among outcomes.
| Bias | Author's judgement | Support for judgement |
| Randomization |
Some concerns |
Quote: “According to the proportion of 1:1:3, patients were randomly divided into favipiravir monotherapy group, tocilizumab monotherapy group and favipiravir + tocilizumab combination group”
Comment: No information on sequence generation or allocation concealment. |
| Deviations from intervention |
Some concerns |
Quote: “open-label-study”
Comment: Unblinded study. No participant cross-over. No information on administration of co-interventions of interest: antivirals, corticosteroids, biologics and anticoagulants. Appropriate analysis method used; participants analyzed according to intervention assignment. |
| Missing outcome data |
Low |
Comment: 26 patients randomized; 26 patients analyzed.
Data available for all participants. Risk assessed to be low for the outcomes: WHO score 7 and above. Serious adverse events. |
| Measurement of the outcome |
Some concerns |
Comment: Unblinded study
For the incidence of WHO score 7 and above, we consider that the assessment cannot possibly be influenced by knowledge of intervention assignment. Risk assessed to be low for the outcome: WHO score 7 and above. Serious adverse events may contain both clinically- and laboratory-detected outcomes which can be influenced by knowledge of the intervention assignment, but is not likely in the context of the pandemic. Risk assessed to be some concerns for the outcomes: Serious adverse events. |
| Selection of the reported results |
Some concerns |
Comment: Neither the protocol nor the statistical analysis plan was available. The register was not prospective.
Risk assessed to be some concerns for the outcomes: WHO score 7 and above. Serious adverse events. |
| Overall risk of bias |
Some concerns |